PAPAYA LEAF DECOCTION AND ITS ANTICANCER POTENTIAL: A CRITICAL NARRATIVE REVIEW OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY
Keywords:
papaya leaf, cancer, complementary therapy, safety, herbal medicineAbstract
Background: Papaya leaf decoction (Carica papaya L.) has gained increasing attention as a potential anticancer herbal intervention. However, existing scientific evidence remains heterogeneous and inconclusive, particularly regarding its efficacy and safety.
Objective: To critically review the available evidence on the anticancer potential and safety of papaya leaf decoction and related preparations, including their use in different global contexts.
Methods: This study is a critical narrative review. Literature was retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2000 to the present, along with relevant supplementary sources. Studies involving papaya leaf in in vitro, in vivo, and human settings were included. Data were synthesized qualitatively with emphasis on consistency, strength of evidence, and clinical applicability.
Results: Preclinical studies consistently demonstrate that papaya leaf exhibits anticancer potential, primarily through apoptosis induction and anti-proliferative effects. However, its cytotoxic potency is generally lower than standard chemotherapeutic agents, and results vary depending on preparation methods. Clinical evidence remains limited, with no high-quality randomized controlled trials available. Safety data suggest relatively low toxicity in experimental models and from dietary exposure, although concerns remain regarding long-term use and potential interactions with conventional cancer therapies.
Conclusion: Papaya leaf decoction shows promising anticancer potential at the preclinical level, but current clinical evidence is insufficient. Its use should be considered as a complementary therapy rather than a primary treatment. Further well-designed clinical studies are required to establish its efficacy and safety.
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