Descriptive study of kidney stone in Sakaeo Province, Thailand
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Abstract
Introduction: Kidney stones are a prevalent public health issue worldwide that significantly impacts quality of life. There are multiple factors contributing to the formation of kidney stones, and the prevalence of this condition is currently increasing. However, most individuals with kidney stones do not manifest clear symptoms, leading to underreporting and challenges in gathering accurate data on the incidence and prevalence of kidney stones in Thailand.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of kidney stones based on the database of Sakaeo Crow Prince Hospital and to investigate the characteristics of the kidney stone population.
Methods: Studying data of kidney stone patients at Sakaeo Crown Prince Hospital from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, totaling 341 cases. This involves gathering general information, clinical data, and treatment methods.
Results: A total of 341 kidney stone patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1, and an average age of 57.6 years. Among them, 92 (27.0%) are agricultural workers. Common comorbidities include hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. 32 patients (9.4%) have a family history of kidney stones. Behavior that reduces the risk of developing kidney stones includes consuming more than 2.5 liters of water (45 patients, 13.2%) and exercising (41 patients, 12.0%). The most prevalent symptom is lower back pain reported by 128 patients (37.6%). Abnormal kidney function was observed in 84 patients (24.6%), and 160 patients (46.9%) exhibited abnormal urine test results. Treatment involved lifestyle modification for all 341 patients (100%), medical chemolysis for 215 patients (63.0%) and surgery for 67 patients (19.6%).
Conclusion: The prevalence of kidney stones is 1.2 per 1,000 population. Most patients are male with an average age of 57.6 years, predominantly agricultural workers. They commonly have pre-existing medical conditions and experience lower back pain. Nearly half exhibit abnormal urine test results, and the treatment primarily involves lifestyle modification along with medication or surgery.
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