Effects of neuromuscular training and electrical stimulation on ankle stability and muscle strength of peroneus longus in rock climbers
Keywords:
Ankle stability, electrical stimulation, muscle strength, neuromuscular training, peroneus longusAbstract
Background: Ankle sprains during rock climbing are caused by several factors, such as landing on the ground and footing while climbing. Additionally, ankle sprains involved with the footing are often due to rock climbing shoes. These shoes are often restricting the motion of the feet, resulting in the shortening of the toe and ankle muscles in supination, which leads to a higher risk for an ankle sprain. Investigating neuromuscular training and electrical stimulation are necessary for the development of an effective training of the ankles to prevent injury.
Objectives: To study the effects of neuromuscular training and electrical stimulation on ankle stability and muscle strength of the peroneus longus (PL) in rock climbers.
Methods: Sixteen rock climber volunteers of 18 - 30 years old were tested for the isometric muscle strength of their PL muscle and ankle stability while moving. The subjects were divided into two groups of eight people: Group 1 performed functional ankle training on a wobble board (WB) (n = 8), and Group 2 did similar but with additional neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) (n = 8). The groups were trained 3 days a week for 4 weeks.
Results: The results showed that within the WB and WB+NMES groups after 4 weeks training, there was a significant increase in the PL muscle strength and the stability of the ankle while moving (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups themselves.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the training program for both groups could increase the PL muscle strength and the stability of the ankle while moving.
Downloads
References
Mabe J, Butler SL. Analysis of contempory anaerobic sport specific training techniques for rock climbing [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2017 Aug 17]. Available from: http://thesportjournal.org/article/analysis-ofcontemporary-anaerobic-sport-specific-trainingtechniques-for-rock-climbing/.
Schöffl V, Küpper T. Feet injuries in rock climbers. World J Orthop 2013;4:218-28.
https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v4.i4.218
Schweizer A. Sport climbing from a medial point of view. Swiss Med Wkly 2012;142:1-9.
https://doi.org/10.4414/smw.2012.13688
Abe S, Jensen RL, Malin PL, Watts PB. Joint angle changes with varied foot positioning in rock climbing. ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive. Seoul-Korea, July 14-18, 2008. p. 390-2.
Chang CY, Torriani M, Huang AJ. Rock climbing injuries: acute and chronic repetitive trauma. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2016;45:205-14. https://doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2015.07.003
Chen J, Jack R, Appelle J, Bushuk M, Smith C. Surface electromyographic study of peroneus longus activation during ankle eversion and heel lift. OJTR 2015;3:101-8.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojtr.2015.33014
Schiftan GS, Ross LA, Hahne AJ. The effectiveness of proprioceptive training in preventing ankle sprains in sporting populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport 2015;18:238-44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.005
Hung YJ. Neuromuscular control and rehabilitation of the unstable ankle. World J Orthop 2015;6:434-38. https://doi.org/10.5312/wjo.v6.i5.434
Dehail P, Duclos C, Barat M. Electrical stimulation and muscle strengthening. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2008;51:441-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annrmp.2008.05.001
Canning A, Grenie S. Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation improve muscular strength gains of the vastus medialis muscle. Int J Phys Med Rehabil 2014;2:207. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-9096.1000207
Nunes GS, de Noronha M, Wageck B, Scirea JB, Haupenthal A, Michaelsen SM. Movement adjustments in preparation for single-leg jumps in individuals with functional ankle instability. Hum Mov Sci 2016;49:301-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.08.001
Thain PK, Hughes GT, Mitchell AC. The effect of repetitive ankle perturbations on muscle reaction time and muscle activity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016;30:184-90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.004
Toiem K, Phonsrithi C, Boonchuay N, Nacharoen P, Tantarawongsa P, Somthavil S, et al. Effect of functional balance training on dynamic postural control in those who wear high-heeled shoes. Chula Med J 2018;62:843-58.
Witchalls JB, Newman P, Waddington G, Adams R, Blanch P. Functional performance deficits associated with ligamentous instability at the ankle. J Sci MedSport 2013;16:89-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.05.018
Panwar N, Kadyan G, Gupta A, Narwal R. Effect of wobble board balance training program on static balance, dynamic balance & triple hop distance in male collegiate basketball athlete. Int J Physiother Res 2014;2:657-62.
Sundaraganesh K, Mohandas K, Kirubakaran KG, Vikram M. Effect of wobble board balance training program among athletes with functionally unstable ankle joint. Med Health 2015;10:17-22.
Str¬m M, Thorborg K, Bandholm T, Tang L, Zebis M, Nielsen K, et al. Ankle joint control during singlelegged balance using common balance training devices-implications for rehabilitation strategies. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2016;11:388-99.
Azeem Z, Zutshi K. Does balance training balance the functional aspects of ankle instability? Saudi J Sports Med 2017;17:14-21. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-6308.197463
Bax L, Staes F, Verhagen A. Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation strengthen the quadriceps femoris? A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Sports Med 2005;35:191-212.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535030-00002
Yoshida T, Tanino Y, Suzuki T. Effect of exercise therapy combining electrical therapy and balance training on functional instability resulting from ankle sprain-focus on stability of jump landing. J Phys Ther Sci 2015;27: 3069-71. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.27.3069
Vrbova G, Hudlicka O, Centofanti KS. Application of muscle/nerve stimulation in health and disease. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer; 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8233-7
Feger MA, Donovan L, Hart JM, Hertel J. Lower extremity muscle activation during functional exercises in patients with and without chronic ankle instability. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2014;6:602-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.12.013
Doherty C, Bleakley C, Hertel J, Caulfield B, Ryan J, Delahunt E. Single-leg drop landing motor control strategies following acute ankle sprain injury. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015;25:525-33.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12282
Folland JP, Williams AG. The adaptations to strength training: morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength. Sports Med 2007;37:145-68.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200737020-00004
Guilhem G, Cornu C, Guevel A. Neuromuscular and muscle-tendon system adaptations to isotonic and isokinetic eccentric exercise. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2010;53:319-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2010.04.003
Chantham H, Ruangthai R, Suthitada A. Consequences of endurance and speed training on H-reflex and physical fitness in futsal players. JSST 2012;12:61-71.
Silva PdeB, Oliveira AS, Mrachacz-Kersting N, Laessoe U, Kersting UG. Strategies for equilibrium maintenance during single leg standing on a wobble board. Gait Posture 2016;44:149-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.005
Melnyk M, Schloz C, Schmitt S, Gollhofer A. Neuromuscular ankle joint stabilisation after 4-weeks WBV training. Int J Sports Med 2009;30:461-6. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1112141
Cruz-Diaz D, Lomas-Vega R, Osuna-Pérez MC, Contreras FH, Martinez-Amat A. Effects of 6 weeks of balance training on chronic ankle instability in athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Med 2015;36:754-60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1398645
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Chulalongkorn Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
