Total phenolics, total flavonoid, and total antioxidant capacity of medicinal plant-derived beverage: HydroZitLa
Keywords:
Oxidative stress, antioxidants, HydroZitLa, citrate, urinary stoneAbstract
Background: Antioxidants from natural sources are well-accepted for reducing oxidative damage and preventing the development of oxidative stress-related diseases. It is known that urinary stone development involves overproduction of reactive oxygen species and accumulation of oxidative injury. Supplements with antioxidants had been shown to inhibit kidney stone formation in animal models.
Objective: We developed a new beverage, called HydroZitLa (concentrate in pouch) to be used for prevention of urinary stone formation. HydroZitLa consisted of citrate (16 mEq) and naturally occurring antioxidants from Thai medicinal plants.
Methods: We investigated the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in HydroZitLa. Also, cytotoxicity of HydoZitLa in HK-2 cells was evaluated.
Results: TPC and TFC in HydroZitLa were 10.2 0.5 mg galic acid equivalents (GAE) pouch and 2.8
0.2 mg catechin equivalent (CE) pouch, respectively. TAC in HydroZitLa determined by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid)(ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assays were 12.6
0.2 and 11.3
0.3 mg vitamin C equivalent antioxidation capacity (VCEAC) pouch, respectively. Stability test data at day 4 revealed that TPC and TAC (by DPPH) in HydroZitLa kept at 4oC were significantly higher than room temperature. Cytotoxicity test showed that HydroZitLa at 10% (v/v) and higher concentrations significantly caused reduction of HK-2 cell viability, and IC50 of HydroZitLa was of 24.6% (v/v).
Conclusion: TPC, TFC and TAC in HydroZitLa were considerably high. Natural antioxidants together with citrate in HydroZitLa had a potential to prevent the formation of urinary calculi. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies should be conducted to warrant the therapeutic action of HydroZitLa in urolithiasis.
Downloads
References
Boonla C. Oxidative Stress in Urolithiasis. In: Cristiana F, Elena A, editors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Living Cells [Internet]. London: Intech Open; 2018 [cited 2019 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www. intechopen.com/books/reactive-oxygen-species-rosin-living-cells/oxidative-stress-in-urolithiasis. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75366
Srivastava A, Srivastava A. Oxidative stress-mediated human diseases. In: Maurya PK, Chandra P, editors. oxidative stress: diagnostic methods and applications in medical science. Singapore: Springer Singapore;2017. p. 141-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_8
Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, Pallio G, Mannino F, Arcoraci V, et al. oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017;2017:8416763.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8416763
Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and oxidative stress: a mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:1162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162
Poljsak B. Strategies for reducing or preventing the generation of oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2011;2011:194586. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/194586
Pandey KB, Rizvi SI. Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2009;2:270-8. https://doi.org/10.4161/oxim.2.5.9498
Xu DP, Li Y, Meng X, Zhou T, Zhou Y, Zheng J, et al. Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: extraction, assessment and resources. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18: pii: E96.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010096
Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Remesy C, Jimenez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005;45:287-306. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040869059096
Ullah MF, Khan MW. Food as medicine: potential therapeutic tendencies of plant derived polyphenolic compounds. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2008;9:187-95.
Graf BA, Milbury PE, Blumberg JB. Flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and human health: epidemiological evidence. J Med Food 2005;8:281-90. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2005.8.281
Kirkali Z, Rasooly R, Star RA, Rodgers GP. Urinary stone disease: progress, status, and needs. Urology 2015;86:651-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2015.07.006
Tosukhowong P, Boonla C, Ratchanon S, Tanthanuch M, Poonpirome K, Supataravanich P, et al. Crystalline composition and etiologic factors of kidney stone in Thailand: update 2007. Asian Biomed 2007;1:87-95.
Dauw CA, Yi Y, Bierlein MJ, Yan P, Alruwaily AF, Ghani KR, et al. Factors associated with preventive pharmacological therapy adherence among patients with kidney stones. Urology 2016;93:45-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.030
Mechlin C, Kalorin C, Asplin J, White M. Splenda (R) improves tolerance of oral potassium citrate supplementation for prevention of stone formation:results of a randomized double-blind trial. J Endourol 2011;25:1541-5.https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2010.0663
Orak HH. Total antioxidant activities, phenolics, anthocyanins, polyphenoloxidase activities of selected red grape cultivars and their correlations. Sci Hortic-Amsterdam 2007;111:235-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2006.10.019
Choi Y, Lee SM, Chun J, Lee HB, Lee J. Influence of heat treatment on the antioxidant activities and polyphenolic compounds of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom. Food Chem 2006;99:381-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.08.004
Floegel A, Kim DO, Chung SJ, Koo SI, Chun OK. Comparison of ABTS/DPPH assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich US foods. J Food Compos Anal 2011;24:1043-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.008
Kim DO, Lee KW, Lee HJ, Lee CY. Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. J Agr Food Chem 2002;50:3713-7. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020071c
Khan SR. Reactive oxygen species, inflammation and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Transl Androl Urol 2014;3:256-76.
Khan SR. Reactive oxygen species as the molecular modulators of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation:evidence from clinical and experimental investigations. J Urol 2013;189:803-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.05.078
Boonla C, Thummaborworn T, Tosukhowong P. Urolithiasis in Udon Thani Hospital: A rising prevalence of uric acid stone. Chula Med J 2006;50:77-90.
Tosukhowong P, Yachantha C, Sasivongsbhakdi T, Boonla C, Tungsanga K. Nephrolithiasis: Pathophysiology, therapeutic approach and health promotion. Chula Med J 2006;50:104-23.
Saepoo S, Adstamongkonkul D, Tosukhowong P, Predanon C, Shotelersuk V, Boonla C. Comparison of urinary citrate between patientswith nephrolithiasis and healthy controls. Chula Med J 2009;53:51-65.
Youngjermchan P, Pumpaisanchai S, Ratchanon S,Pansin P, Tosukhowong P, Tungsanga K, et al. Hypocitraturia and hypokaliuria: major metabolic risk factors for kidney stone disease. Chula Med J 2006;50:605-21.
Huang HS, Chen J, Chen CF, Ma MC. Vitamin E attenuates crystal formation in rat kidneys: roles of renal tubular cell death and crystallization inhibitors. Kidney Int 2006;70:699-710.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5001651
Naghii MR, Eskandari E, Mofid M, Jafari M, Asadi MH. Antioxidant therapy prevents ethylene glycolinduced renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition in Wistar rats. Int Urol Nephrol 2014;46:1231-8.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0658-5
Boonla C, Wunsuwan R, Tungsanga K, Tosukhowong P. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is elevated in patients with nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 2007;35:185-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-007-0098-0
Kittikowit W, Waiwijit U, Boonla C, Ruangvejvorachai P, Pimratana C, Predanon C, et al. Increased oxidative DNA damage seen in renal biopsies adjacent stones in patients with nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2014;42:387-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-014-0676-x
Sorensen MD, Hsi RS, Chi T, Shara N, WactawskiWende J, Kahn AJ, et al. Dietary intake of fiber, fruit and vegetables decreases the risk of incident kidney stones in women: a Women's Health Initiative report. J Urol 2014;192:1694-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.086
Kucukgoncu S, Zhou E, Lucas KB, Tek C. Alphalipoic acid (ALA) as a supplementation for weight loss: results from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2017;18:594-601.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12528
Mousavi SM, Shab-Bidar S, Kord-Varkaneh H, Khorshidi M, Djafarian K. Effect of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Nutrition 2019;59:121-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2018.08.004
Khawsuk W, Semangoen T, Nuurai P, Mepan W, Wingworn K. Antioxidant activity of unpolished Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa) and the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation. Chula Med J 2018;62:419-34.
Bukkavesa B, Sooklert K, Sereemaspun A. Protective effect of alpha lipoic acid loaded calcium citrate nanoparticles on oxidative stress-induced cellular damage in human epidermal keratinocytes. Chula Med J 2019;63:261-9.
Alvarez R, Araya H, Navarro-Lisboa R, de Dicastillo CL. Evaluation of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruits and Vegetables Using a Modified Enzymatic Extraction. Food Technol Biotech 2016;54:462-7. https://doi.org/10.17113/ftb.54.04.16.4497
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Chulalongkorn Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
