Lung function and exercise performance assessment after inhalation of naturally essential oils: A descriptive observational study

Hamzeh  Al Zabadi; Azmi  Hussein; Jamal  Shaker; Belal  Rahhal; Nidal  Amin Jaradat; Malik  Al Qub

Authors

Hamzeh Al Zabadi Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Azmi Hussein Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Jamal Shaker Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
Belal Rahhal An-Najah National University, Palestine
Nidal Amin Jaradat Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine
Malik Al Qub Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Palestine

Keywords:

Clinopodium serpyllifolium, Cymbopogon citratus, essential oil, lung function, athletic performance

Abstract

Background: Essential oils have gained massive attention.

Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of inhalation of Clinopodium serpyllifolium and Cymbopogon citratus volatile oils on exercise performance and lung function.

Methods: Twenty physical education students were randomly assigned into two groups: Clinopodium serpyllifolium and Cymbopogon citratus (10 participants each). One group was nebulized with Clinopodium serpyllifolium oil and the other by Cymbopogon citratus oil at a concentration of (0.02 ml/kg of body mass) which was mixed with 2 ml of normal saline before 800 m running tests. Lung function tests were measured using a spirometer pre and post nebulization.

Results: There was a significant increase in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity after inhalation of both oils. The normal spirometry after inhalation of C. serpyllifolium oil increased by 30%. A sharp decrease in mild spirometry (50% before to 10% after inhalation of the C.citratus oil) was observed. Significant reductions in the means of the running time were observed.

Conclusion: Our findings support the effectiveness of C. serpyllifolium and C. citratus essential oils on exercise performance and respiratory function parameters.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Berlin B. Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies. New Jersey: Princeton University Press; 2014.

Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Anwar F, Ashraf M, Gilani AH. Alhagi: a plant genus rich in bioactives for pharmaceuticals. Phytother Res 2015;29:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5222

Burdock GA. Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients. 6th ed. Boca Raton: CRC press; 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439847503

Ali B, Al-Wabel NA, Shams S, Ahamad A, Khan SA, Anwar F. Essential oils used in aromatherapy: A systemic review. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015;5:601-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.05.007

Seigler DS. Plant secondary metabolism. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.

Efferth T, Olbrich A, Sauerbrey A, Ross DD, Gebhart E, Neugebauer M. Activity of ascaridol from the anthelmintic herb Chenopodium anthelminticum L. against sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumor cells. Anticancer Res 2002;22:4221-4.

Said O, Khalil K, Fulder S, Azaizeh H. Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal herbs in Israel, the Golan Heights and the West Bank region. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;83:251-65.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00253-2

Fagbemi JF, Ugoji E, Adenipekun T, Adelowotan O. Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of unripe banana (Musa sapientum L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus S.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on pathogens. Afr J Biotechnol 2009;8:1176-82.

Dudai N, Larkov O, Ravid U, Putievsky E, Lewinsohn E. Developmental Control of Monoterpene Content and Composition in Micromeria fruticosa(L.) Druce. Ann Bot 2001;88:349-54.

https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2001.1466

Dudai N, Yaniv Z. Endemic aromatic medicinal plants in the holy land vicinity. In: Yaniv Z, Dudai N, editors. Medicinal and aromatic plants of the Middle-East. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 37-58.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9276-9_4

Baser KHC, Kirimer N, Özek T, Tümen G, Karaer F. Essential oil composition of three Labiatae endemic to Turkey (Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. giresunica PH Davis, Sideritis lycia Boiss. et Heldr. and S. arguta Boiss. et Heldr.). J Essent Oil Res 1996; 8:699-701.

https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9701048

Dafni A, Yaniv Z, Palevitch D. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in northern Israel. J Ethnopharmacol 1984;10:295-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(84)90017-5

Jaradat N. Ethnopharmacological survey of natural products in palestine. An-Najah Univ J Res (N Sc) 2005;19:13-67. https://doi.org/10.35552/anujr.a.19.1.611

Güllüce M, Sökmen M,Şahin F, Sökmen A, Adigüzel A, Özer H. Biological activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L) Druce ssp serpyllifolia (Bieb) PH Davis plants from the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. J Sci Food Agric 2004;84:735-41.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.1728

Jaradat N. Quantitative estimations for the volatile Oil by using hydrodistillation and microwave accelerated distillation methods from Ruta graveolens L. and Ruta chalepensis L. leaves from Jerusalem area/Palestine. Mor J Chem 2016;4:1-6.

Spencer MR, Gastin PB. Energy system contribution during 200-to 1500-m running in highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exer 2001;33:157-62. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200101000-00024

Walker BR, Colledge NR, Ralston SH. Davidson's principles and practice of medicine. 22nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2013.

Holguin F. The metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for lung function decline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012;185:352-3. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201112-2172ED

Schneider A, Gindner L, Tilemann L, Schermer T, Dinant GJ, Meyer FJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of spirometry in primary care. BMC Pulm Med 2009;9:31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-9-31

Quadrelli S, Bosio M, Salvado A, Chertcoff J. Valor de la espirometria para el diagnostico de restricción pulmonary. Medicina (B Aires) 2007;67:685-90.

Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J 2005;26:948-68. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.05.00035205

Derom E, van Weel C, Liistro G, Buffels J, Schermer T, Lammers E, et al. Primary care spirometry. Eur Respir J 2008;31:197-203. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00066607

Broekhuizen BD, Sachs AP, Hoes AW, Moons KG, van den Berg JW, Dalinghaus WH, et al. Undetected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in people over 50 years with persistent cough. Br J Gen Pract 2010;60:489-94. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp10X514738

Jaradat NA, Al Zabadi H, Rahhal B, Hussein AM, Mahmoud JS, Mansour B, et al. The effect of inhalation of Citrus sinensis flowers and Mentha spicata leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016;13: 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-016-0146-7

Kunnumakkara AB, Koca C, Dey S, Gehlot P, Yodkeeree S, Danda D, et al. Traditional uses of spices: an overview. In: Aggarwal AB, Kunnumakkara AB, editors. Molecular targets and therapeutic uses of spices. New Jersey: World Scientific; 2009. p. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812837912_0001

Tofino-Rivera A, Ortega-Cuadros M, Galvis-Pareja D, Jimenez-Rios H, Merini LJ, Martinez-Pabon MC. Effect of Lippia alba and Cymbopogon citratus essential oils on biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and cytotoxicity in CHO cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;194:749-54.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.044

Chukwuocha UM, Fernandez-Rivera O, LegorretaHerrera M. Exploring the antimalarial potential of whole Cymbopogon citratus plant therapy. J Ethnopharmacol 2016;193:517-23.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.056

Ortega-Ramirez LA, Silva-Espinoza BA, VargasArispuro I, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Cruz-Valenzuela MR, Nazzaro F, et al. Combination of Cymbopogon citratus and Allium cepa essential oils increased antibacterial activity in leafy vegetables. J Sci Food Agric 2017;97: 2166-73.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8025

Alzawqari MH, Al-Baddany AA, Al-Baadani HH, Alhidary IA, Khan RU, Aqil GM, et al. Effect of feeding dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaves on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites and antioxidant status in broiler during the finisher phase. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016;23:17077-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6879-7

Abu-Gharbieh E, Shehab NG, Khan SA. Antiinflammatory and gastroprotective activities of the aqueous extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce ssp Serpyllifolia in mice. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013;26:799-803.

Shehab NG, Abu-Gharbieh E. Constituents and biological activity of the essential oil and the aqueous extract of Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce subsp. serpyllifolia. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012;25:687-92.

Lima NG, De Sousa DP, Pimenta FC, Alves MF, De Souza FS, Macedo RO, et al. Anxiolytic-like activity and GC-MS analysis of (R)-(+)-limonene fragrance, a natural compound found in foods and plants. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013;103:450-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.005

Liu P, Kong M, Yuan S, Liu J, Wang P. History and experience: a survey of traditional chinese medicine treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014; 2014:642128.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/642128

Goldbeck-Wood S, Dorozynski A, Lie LG, Yamauchi M, Zinn C, Josefson D. Complementary medicine is booming worldwide. BMJ 1996;313:131-3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7050.131a

Lv XN, Liu ZJ, Zhang HJ, Tzeng CM. Aromatherapy and the central nerve system (CNS): therapeutic mechanism and its associated genes. Curr Drug Targets 2013;14:872-9.

https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450111314080007