Inhibitory effect of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz leaf extract on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells
Keywords:
Rhinacanthus nasutus, tyrosinase, melanin, melanogenesisAbstract
Background : A previous study on the inhibitory effects of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz leaf ethanol extract on mushroom tyrosinase activity indicated that it contains anti-melanogenesis properties. However, other solvents especially water had not been investigated with regards to their use as a skin whitening agent.
Objective : To investigate the inhibitory effect R. nasutus leaf water extract on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.
Methods : R. nasutus leaf was extracted with water and a determined amount of the phenolic and flavonoid contents by using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. The toxicity of R. nasutus leaf extract in B16F10 melanoma cells was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Its potential on melanogenesis inhibition was determined by melanin content assay and tyrosinase activity assay. Data were analyzed by using SPSS.
Results : R. nasutus leaf extract have a total phenolic content of 35.75 0.30 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract and flavonoid of 19.17
0.00 mg rutin equivalent per of extract. We found that R. nasutus leaf extract decreased the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells without any cytotoxicity.
Conclusion : Our results indicate that R. nasutus leaf water extract inhibited the melanin production by downregulating tyrosinase activity. Thus it might prove to be useful as a therapeutic treatment for skin hyperpigmentation disorders and an effective component of whitening cosmetics.
Downloads
References
Seo SY, Sharma VK, Sharma N. Mushroom tyrosinase: recent prospects. J Agric Food Chem 2003;51:2837-53. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020826f
Heo SJ, Ko SC, Kang SM, Cha SH, Lee SH, Kang DH, et al. Inhibitory effect of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on melanogenesis and its protective effect against UV-B radiationinduced cell damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1355-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.001
Panich U, Kongtaphan K, Onkoksoong T, Jaemsak K, Phadungrakwittaya R, Thaworn A, et al. Modulation of antioxidant defense by Alpinia galanga and Curcuma aromatica extracts correlates with their inhibition of UVA-induced melanogenesis. Cell Biol Toxicol 2010;26: 103-16.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-009-9121-2
Serra-Baldrich E, Tribo MJ, Camarasa JG. Allergic contact dermatitis from kojic acid. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39:86-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05843.x
Busca R, Ballotti R. Cyclic AMP a key messenger in the regulation of skin pigmentation. Pigment Cell Res 2000;13:60-9. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130203.x
Draelos ZD. Skin lightening preparations and the hydroquinone controversy. Dermatol Ther 2007;20:308-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8019.2007.00144.x
O'Donoghue JL. Hydroquinone and its analogues in dermatology - a risk-benefit viewpoint. J Cosmet Dermatol 2006;5:196-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2006.00253.x
Siripong P, Yahuafai J, Shimizu K, Ichikawa K, Yonezawa S, Asai T, et al. Antitumor activity of liposomal naphthoquinone esters isolated from Thai medicinal plant: Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ. Biol Pharm Bull 2006;29:2279-83. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.29.2279
Tewtrakul S, Tansakul P, Panichayupakaranant P. Anti-allergic principles of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves. Phytomedicine 2009;16: 929-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.03.010
Brimson JM, Brimson SJ, Brimson CA, Rakkhitawatthana V, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts prevent glutamate and amyloid-beta neurotoxicity in HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells: possible active compounds include lupeol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:5074-97.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13045074
Brimson JM, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthus nasutus protects cultured neuronal cells against hypoxia induced cell death. Molecules 2011;16:6322-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16086322
Visweswara RP, Madhavi K, Dhananjaya NM, Gan SH. Rhinacanthus nasutus ameliorates cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EvidBased Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:486047. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/486047
Wannasiri S, Piyabhan P, Naowaboot J. Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf improves metabolic abnormalities in high-fat dietinduced obese mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016;6:1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.10.004
Chatatikun M, Chiabchalard A. Thai plants with high antioxidant levels, free radical scavenging activity, anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase activity. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:487.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-1994-7
Kahkonen MP, Hopia AI, Vuorela HJ, Rauha JP, Pihlaja K, Kujala TS, et al. Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 1999;47: 3954-62.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990146l
Malla MY, Sharma M, Saxena R, Mir MI, Mir AH, Bhat SH. Phytochemical screening and spectroscopic determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Eclipta alba Linn. J Nat Prod Plant Resour 2013;3:86-91.
Rahman A, Choudhary MI, Thomsen WJ. Bioassay techniques for drug development. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001.
Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 1983;65:55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
Tsuboi T, Kondoh H, Hiratsuka J, Mishima Y. Enhanced melanogenesis induced by tyrosinase gene-transfer increases boronuptake and killing effect of boron neutron capture therapy for amelanotic melanoma. Pigment Cell Res 1998;11:275-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1998.tb00736.x
Kim DS, Jeong YM, Park IK, Hahn HG, Lee HK, Kwon SB, et al. A new 2-imino-1,3-thiazoline derivative, KHG22394, inhibits melanin synthesis in mouse B16 melanoma cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007;30:180-3.
https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.180
Garcia A, Fulton JE Jr. The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or kojic acid for the treatment of melasma and related conditions. Dermatol Surg 1996;22:443-7.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1996.tb00345.x
Cui R, Widlund HR, Feige E, Lin JY, Wilensky DL, Igras VE, D'Orazio J, Fung CY, Schanbacher CF, Granter SR. Central role of p53 in the suntan response and pathologic hyperpigmentation. Cell 2007;128:853-64.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.045
Parvez S, Kang M, Chung HS, Bae H. Naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors: mechanism and applications in skin health, cosmetics and agriculture industries. Phytother Res 2007;21:805-16.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2184
Shukla S, Park J, Kim D, Hong S, Lee JS, Kim M. Total phenolic content, antioxidant, tyrosinase and -glucosidase inhibitory activities of water soluble extracts of noble starter culture Doenjang, a Korean fermented soybean sauce variety. Food Control 2016;59:854-61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.003
Zengin G, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Aktumsek A. Phenolic constituent, antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Ornithogalum narbonense L. from Turkey: a phytochemical study. Ind. Crop Prod 2015;70:1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.03.012
Fanali C, Dugo L, Rocco A. Nano-liquid chromatography in nutraceutical analysis: determination of polyphenols in bee pollen. J Chromatogr A 2013;25:270-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.055
Kaewnarin K, Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Lumyong S. Phenolic profile of various wild edible mushroom extracts from Thailand and their antioxidant properties, anti-tyrosinase and hyperglycaemic inhibitory activities. J Funct Food 2016;27:352-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.008
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Chulalongkorn Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
