Adolescent obesity: current concept of management.
Keywords:
Obesity, adolescent, managementAbstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the body which leads to other health problems associated with risk of complications in childhood and increased morbidity and mortality throughout the adult life. Despite the fact that prevention is ultimately the best method to solve the problem, management of obese adolescent still remains a challenge. Physicians must keep the balance between weight reduction and maintaining normal physical growth rate. Presently, multiple approaches and strategies are used for the treatment of obesity including lifestyle modifications, dietary management, anti-obesity drugs and bariatric surgery. Thus, physicians should have the basic understanding of these strategies in order to care for obese adolescent safety and efficiently.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Adolescent health and development [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Jun 3]. Available from: http://www.searo. who.int/entity/child_adolescent/topics/ adolescent_health/en/.
Lawler M, Nixon E. Body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys and girls: the effects of body mass, peer appearance culture and internalization of appearance ideals. J Youth Adolesc 2011;40:59-71.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-009-9500-2
Arora S, Anubhuti. Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity-a review. Neuropeptides 2006;40:375-401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npep.2006.07.001
Greydanus DE, Agana M, Kamboj MK, Shebrain S, Soares N, Eke R, et al. Pediatric obesity: Current concepts. Dis Mon 2018;64:98-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.001
Skelton JA, Irby MB, Grzywacz JG, Miller G. Etiologies of obesity in children: nature and nurture. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011; 58: 1333-54, ix. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2011.09.006
อรภา สุธีโรจน์ตระกูล . Weight-loss supplements for adolescent harm or do no harm. ใน: ศิริวรรณ วนานุกูล ,วรนุช จงศรีสวัสดิ์, สุชีรา ฉัตรเพริดพราย, อังคนีย์ ชะนะกุล, บรรณาธิการ. Pediatric practice: a challenge in management. กรุงเทพมหานคร: ภาควิชากุมารเวชศาสตร์ คณะแพทยศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย;2558. หน้า 263-74.
ชมรมโภชนาการเด็กแห่งประเทศไทย, ราชวิทยาลัยกุมารแพทย์แห่งประเทศไทย. แนวทางเวชปฏิบัติ การป้องกันและรักษาโรคอ้วนในเด็ก พ.ศ. 2557 [อินเทอร์เน็ต]. 2557 [เข้าถึงเมื่อ 3 มิถุนายน 2561].เข้าถึงได้จาก : http://www.thaipediatrics. org/Media/media-20161208151655.pdf.
Narayanaswami V, Dwoskin LP. Obesity: Current and potential pharmacotherapeutics and targets. Pharmacol Ther 2017;170:116-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.10.015
Sonneville K. Population diet for obesity. In: Duggan C, Watkins JB, Walker WA, editors. Nutrition in pediatrics: basic science, clinical application. Hamilton, ON: B.C.Decker; 2008.p. 467-9.
Evidence Analysis Library. Evidence-based nutrition practice guideline on pediatric weight manangement [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2018 Jun 3]. Available from: https://www.andeal. org/topic.cfm?menu=5296&cat=5632.
Ebbeling CB, Rodriguez NR. Effects of reduced energy intake on protein utilization in obese children. Metabolism 1998;47:1434-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90066-X
O'Connor EA, Evans CV, Burda BU, Walsh ES, Eder M, Lozano P. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses, formerly systematic evidence reviews. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017.
Spear BA, Barlow SE, Ervin C, Ludwig DS, Saelens BE, Schetzina KE, et al. Recommendations for treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity. Pediatrics 2007;120 Suppl 4: S254-88.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2329F
Adam-Perrot A, Clifton P, Brouns F. Lowcarbohydrate diets: nutritional and physiological aspects. Obes Rev 2006;7: 49-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00222.x
Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, Vernon MC, Volek JS, Wortman JA, et al. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:276-84.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.276
Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D'Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:1617-23. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-021480
Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS. Very low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets affect fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia differently in overweight men. J Nutr 2004; 134:880-5.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.4.880
อรภา สุธีโรจน์ตระกูล. การควมคุมอาหารเพื่อลดน้ำหนักในเด็ก. ใน: เรืองวิทย์ ตันติแพทยางกูร, นฤมล เด่นทรัพย์สุนทร, ศิรินุช ชมโท, บรรณาธิการ. โภชนาการเด็กล้ำสมัย 2016.กรุงเทพมหานคร : บียอนด์เอ็นเทอร์ไพรซ์; 2559.หน้า 59-80.
Krebs NF, Gao D, Gralla J, Collins JS, Johnson SL. Efficacy and safety of a high protein, low carbohydrate diet for weight loss in severely obese adolescents. J Pediatr 2010;157:252-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.02.010
Partsalaki I, Karvela A, Spiliotis BE. Metabolic impact of a ketogenic diet compared to a hypocaloric diet in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2012;25:697-704.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0131
Bilsborough SA, Crowe TC. Low-carbohydrate diets: what are the potential short- and long-term health implications? Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2003;12:396-404.
Crowe TC. Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obes Rev 2005;6:235-45.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00196.x
Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:5-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.1.5
Livesey G. Low-glycaemic diets and health: implications for obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 2005; 64:105-13.
https://doi.org/10.1079/PNS2004400
Brand-Miller JC, Holt SH, Pawlak DB, McMillan J. Glycemic index and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76: 281S-5S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.1.281S
Kong AP, Chan RS, Nelson EA, Chan JC. Role of low-glycemic index diet in management of childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2011;12:492-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00768.x
Henry CJ, Lightowler HJ, Strik CM. Effects of long-term intervention with low- and highglycaemic-index breakfasts on food intake in children aged 8-11 years. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:636-40.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507727459
Sun FH, Li C, Zhang YJ, Wong SH, Wang L. Effect of glycemic index of breakfast on energy intake at subsequent meal among healthy people: A meta-analysis. Nutrients 2016; 8. pii: E37.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010037
Kong AP, Choi KC, Chan RS, Lok K, Ozaki R, Li AM, et al. A randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of a low glycemic index (GI) diet on body mass index in obese adolescents. BMC Public Health 2014;14: 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-180
Mirza NM, Palmer MG, Sinclair KB, McCarter R, He J, Ebbeling CB, et al. Effects of a low glycemic load or a low-fat dietary intervention on body weight in obese Hispanic American children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2013;97: 276-85. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.042630
Schwingshackl L, Hobl LP, Hoffmann G. Effects of low glycaemic index/low glycaemic load vs. high glycaemic index/ high glycaemic load diets on overweight/obesity and associated risk factors in children and adolescents: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Nutr J 2015;14:87.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-015-0077-1
Makris A, Foster GD. Dietary approaches to the treatment of obesity. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2011;34:813-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.004
Halton TL, Hu FB. The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:373-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719381
Soenen S, Westerterp-Plantenga MS. Proteins and satiety: implications for weight management. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008; 11:747-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e328311a8c4
Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lemmens SG, Westerterp KR. Dietary protein - its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. Br J Nutr 2012;108 Suppl 2: S105-12.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512002589
Figueroa-Colon R, von Almen TK, Franklin FA, Schuftan C, Suskind RM. Comparison of two hypocaloric diets in obese children. Am J Dis Child 1993;147:160-6.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1993.02160260050021
Suskind RM, Blecker U, Udall JN Jr, von Almen TK, Schumacher HD, Carlisle L, et al. Recent advances in the treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatr Diabetes 2000;1:23-33.
https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5448.2000.010105.x
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry developing products for weight management [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2018 Jun 3]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/ downloads/Drugs/.../Guidances/ucm071612. pdf.
Kelly AS, Fox CK, Rudser KD, Gross AC, Ryder JR. Pediatric obesity pharmacotherapy: current state of the field, review of the literature and clinical trial considerations. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016;40:1043-50.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2016.69
Boland CL, Harris JB, Harris KB. Pharmacological management of obesity in pediatric patients. Ann Pharmacother 2015;49:220-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028014557859
Chanoine JP, Hampl S, Jensen C, Boldrin M, Hauptman J. Effect of orlistat on weight and body composition in obese adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293: 2873-83.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.23.2873
Mead E, Atkinson G, Richter B, Metzendorf MI, Baur L, Finer N, et al. Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;11:CD012436.
Gahagan S. Overweight and obesity. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, Schor NF, St. Geme JW 3rd, Behrman RE, editors. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 307-16.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Chulalongkorn Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
