Development of an Innovative Simulation Model Representing Six Stages of Pressure Injuries

Abstract

This research and development study aimed to design and evaluate the satisfaction and effectiveness of a six‑stage pressure ulcer model among second‑year Bachelor of Nursing students (N = 103) at Boromarajonani College of Nursing, Songkhla. The sample size was calculated using Yamane's formula. The sample group was randomly selected by simple random sampling, drawing lots, and without return. The instruments used for data collection consisted of the 6-level pressure ulcer model efficiency assessment form and the 6-level pressure ulcer model satisfaction assessment form. The 6-level pressure ulcer model was examined for content validity by 3 experts. The content validity of the instruments was .89 for efficiency and .89 for satisfaction. The reliability of the instruments was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The efficiency was .95 and the satisfaction was .97. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The research results were as follows:

1. Performance Evaluation of the Six-Stage Pressure Ulcer Simulation Model: Overall the sample group rated the performance of the six-stage pressure ulcer simulation model at the highest level (M = 4.66, SD = 0.51)

2. Satisfaction with the Six-Stage Pressure Ulcer Simulation Model: Overall the sample group expressed the highest level of satisfaction with the six-stage pressure ulcer simulation model (M = 4.78, SD = 0.43)

The six‑stage pressure ulcer model is recommended for integration into nursing curricula before clinical practicum and caregiver education on pressure ulcer management. Further development is advised to enhance realism such as using natural rubber and incorporating necrotic tissue features and to extend the design into an interactive simulation.