WHY LIVE LONG IF FRAIL? SAVING SANTI ASOKE’S HEALTHSPAN VIA RESISTANCE TRAINING

Authors

  • Tanapon VIPAPORN Association of Legal & Political Studies
  • Prapakorn MANKHONG Association of Legal & Political Studies

Keywords:

Healthspan, Resistance Training, Sarcopenia, Santi Asoke, Fall Prevention

Abstract

The Santi Asoke community has achieved remarkable success in extending lifespans through health practices mirroring Blue Zone concepts, including plant-based diets, non-strenuous movement, and robust social support networks. However, this success conceals a concerning paradox: prolonged longevity accompanied by underlying physical frailty. This article critically asks: what is the purpose of a long life if it ultimately leads to suffering from sarcopenia or a critical risk of becoming bedridden due to everyday falls? This is particularly alarming among the elderly and women who lack sufficient strength for demanding activities. To bridge this vulnerability gap, this study proposes a vital survival strategy: systematically integrating resistance training into the community’s lifestyle. Safely adopting fundamental exercises, such as squats and single-leg balances, effectively builds muscle strength, increases bone density, and improves core stability. The conclusion unequivocally demonstrates that resistance training is not merely an optional add-on but a crucial mechanism to transition from simple prolonged lifespans to high-quality healthspans. This ensures that community members and health enthusiasts can age with dignity, maintain genuine independence, and sustainably overcome physical frailty.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acoba, E. (2024). Social support and mental health: The mediating role of perceived stress. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1330720.

Aggarwal, S., Wright, J., Morgan, A., Patton, G., & Reavley, N. (2023). Religiosity and spirituality in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 729.

Akers, A. (2024). What is a macro diet, and how does it work?. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/macro-diet#summary.

Asoke.info. (n.d.). Santi Asoke Meritism Community. Retrieved from www.asoke.info/Book/santi_history/santiasoke_history.html.

BBC. (n.d.). What is a paleo diet and should I try it?. Retrieved from www.bbc.co.uk/food/articles/paleo_diet.

Bizzarri, C., Colabianchi, D., Giannone, G., Di Luigi, L., & Cappa, M. (2021). Exercise-induced GH secretion is related to puberty. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 44(6), 1283-1289.

Brooks, K., & Carter, J. (2013). Overtraining, Exercise, and Adrenal Insufficiency. Journal of Novel Physiotherapies, 3(125), 11717.

Buettner, D. (2010). The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer from the People Who've Lived the Longest. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Books Publishing.

Cadegiani, F., & Kater, C. (2017). Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis Functioning in Overtraining Syndrome: Findings from Endocrine and Metabolic Responses on Overtraining Syndrome (EROS)-EROS-HPA Axis. Sports Medicine - Open, 3(1), 45.

Cerqueira, É., Marinho, D., Neiva, H., & Lourenço, O. (2020). Inflammatory Effects of High and Moderate Intensity Exercise-A Systematic Review. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 1550.

Chatchawarat, L., Lasuka, D., & Khampolsiri, T. (2019). Effects of Nordic Walking Exercise on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Among Overweight Older Persons. Nursing Journal, 46(Supplement), 1-12.

Chelly, M., Fathloun, M., Cherif, N., Amar, M., Tabka, Z., & van Praagh, E. (2009). Effects of a back squat training program on leg power, jump, and sprint performances in junior soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(8), 2241-2249.

Chen, T., Liu, N., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Huang, Z., Zang, Y., … & Ding, Z. (2016). Gua Sha, a press-stroke treatment of the skin, boosts the immune response to intradermal vaccination. PeerJ, 4, e2451.

Chung, S., Rodriguez, A., Alijanpour, E., & McCann, R. (2023). Effects of A Single Balance Training Session on Neural Excitability in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 32(8), 847-854.

Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Pros and Cons of a High-Carb Diet: Can You Lose Weight?. Retrieved from https://health.clevelandclinic.org/high-carb-diet.

Crosby, L., Davis, B., Joshi, S., Jardine, M., Paul, J., Neola, M., & Barnard, N. (2021). Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8, 702802.

de la Rosa, A., Olaso-González, G., Arc-Chagnaud, C., Millán, F., Salvador-Pascual, A., García-Lucerga, C., … & Gómez-Cabrera, M. (2020). Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(5), 394-404.

Delfa-de-la-Morena, J., Paes, P., de Oliveira, D., Júnior, F., Lima, B., García-González, M., … & Riquelme-Aguado, V. (2024). Single-Leg Balance and Lower Limb Strength: Quantitative Analysis with the Balance Master System. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 9(4), 282.

Eat Sustainably. (n.d.). What is an omnivore diet?. Retrieved from https://eatsustainably.com.au/education/omnivore-pescatarian-flexitarian-eating/omnivore/what-omnivore-diet.

Fernandes, S., Oliveira, L., Pereira, A., Costa, M., Raposo, A., Saraiva, A., & Magalhães, B. (2024). Exploring Vitamin B12 Supplementation in the Vegan Population: A Scoping Review of the Evidence. Nutrients, 16(10), 1442.

Guilhem, G., Cornu, C., & Guével, A. (2010). Neuromuscular and muscle-tendon system adaptations to isotonic and isokinetic eccentric exercise. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 53(5), 319-341.

Howell, J., Fuglevand, A., Walsh, M., & Bigland-Ritchie, B. (1995). Motor unit activity during isometric and concentric-eccentric contractions of the human first dorsal interosseus muscle. Journal of Neurophysiology, 74(2), 901-904.

Jin, L., Diaz-Canestro, C., Wang, Y., Tse, M., & Xu, A. (2024). Exerkines and cardiometabolic benefits of exercise: from bench to clinic. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 16(3), 432-444.

Jinda, T. (2001). Effects of Cluster Set Resistance Training on Muscular Function and Balance in Elderly. Master of Science in Sports and Exercise Science Thesis, Chulalongkorn University.

Jirattrakorn, Y. (2023). Cardio exercise VS Strength training. Retrieved from www.si.mahidol.ac.th/th/healthdetail.asp?aid=1550.

Jrerattakon, Y. (2023). Fit and Firm According to the FITT Principle. Retrieved from https://www.si.mahidol.ac.th/th/healthdetail.asp?aid=1567.

Kahleova, H., Tura, A., Klementova, M., Thieme, L., Haluzik, M., Pavlovicova, R., … & Pelikanova, T. (2019). A Plant-Based Meal Stimulates Incretin and Insulin Secretion More Than an Energy- and Macronutrient-Matched Standard Meal in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients, 11(3), 486.

Kennedy, B., Berger, S., Brunet, A., Campisi, J., Cuervo, A., Epel, E., … & Sierra, F. (2014). Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell, 159(4), 709-713.

Key, T., Papier, K., & Tong, T. (2022). Plant-based diets and long-term health: findings from the EPIC-Oxford study. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 81(2), 190-198.

Koemel, N., Ahmadi, M., Biswas, R., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Teixeira-Pinto, A., Chow, C., … & Stamatakis, E. (2026). Vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA) and mortality risk among US adults: a wearables-based national cohort study. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 23(1), 17.

Kubo, K., Ikebukuro, T., & Yata, H. (2019). Effects of squat training with different depths on lower limb muscle volumes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 119(9), 1933-1942.

Lal, M. (2025). 12 Benefits of Yoga That Are Supported by Science. Retrieved from www.healthline.com/nutrition/13-benefits-of-yoga.

Li, X., Luan, Y., Li, Y., Ye, S., Wang, G., Cai, X., … & Luan, Y. (2022). The effect of high-fructose corn syrup vs. sucrose on anthropometric and metabolic parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 1013310.

Liu, S., Zeng, M., Wan, W., Huang, M., Li, X., Xie, Z., … & Cai, Y. (2023). The Health-Promoting Effects and the Mechanism of Intermittent Fasting. Journal of Diabetes Research, 4038546.

Longo, V., & Anderson, R. (2022). Nutrition, longevity and disease: From molecular mechanisms to interventions. Cell, 185(9), 1455-1470.

López-Otín, C., Blasco, M., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., & Kroemer, G. (2023). Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell, 186(2), 243-278.

Marcori, A., Monteiro, P., Oliveira, J., Doumas, M., & Teixeira, L. (2022). Single Leg Balance Training: A Systematic Review. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 129(2), 232-252.

Martins-Costa, H., Lacerda, L., Diniz, R., Lima, F., Andrade, A., Peixoto, G., … & Chagas, M. (2022). Equalization of Training Protocols by Time Under Tension Determines the Magnitude of Changes in Strength and Muscular Hypertrophy. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(7), 1770-1780.

Morkeaw.net. (n.d.). The Origins of Dharma Medicine. Retrieved from https://morkeaw.net/about-us/.

Nutrilite. (n.d.). What is the Blue Zone? The Health and Wellbeing Lifestyle for Longevity. Retrieved from https://nutrilite.co.th/th/article/blue-zone-lifestyle.

Oliveira, A., Corvino, R., Caputo, F., Aagaard, P., & Denadai, B. (2016). Effects of fast-velocity eccentric resistance training on early and late rate of force development. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(2), 199-205.

Olshansky, S. (2018). From Lifespan to Healthspan. JAMA, 320(13), 1323-1324.

Pahlavani, H. (2023). Exercise therapy to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, 1243869.

Pluemjai, S. (2021). Injury Statistics and Research on Biomechanics of Physical Movement. Retrieved from https://sportscience.dpe.go.th/public/sport.do?cmd=goView&id=199.

Portella, C., Ghelman, R., Abdala, V., Schveitzer, M., & Afonso, R. (2021). Meditation: Evidence Map of Systematic Reviews. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 742715.

Qian, F., Liu, G., Hu, F., Bhupathiraju, S., & Sun, Q. (2019). Association Between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(10), 1335-1344.

Queirós, C., & Freitas, J. (2019). Sun Exposure: Beyond the Risks. Dermatology Practical & Conceptual, 9(4), 249-252.

Ramirez-Campillo, R., Sortwell, A., Moran, J., Afonso, J., Clemente, F., Lloyd, R., … & Granacher, U. (2023). Plyometric-Jump Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance According to Maturity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 9(1), 23.

Rao, P., Belanger, M., & Robbins, J. (2022). Exercise, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Health: Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiometabolic Diseases. Cardiology in Review, 30(4), 167-178.

Richards, L. (2020). What is the microbiome diet?. Retrieved from www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/microbiome-diet#summary.

Rodríguez, M., Quintana-Cepedal, M., Cheval, B., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Crespo, I., & Olmedillas, H. (2026). Effect of exercise snacks on fitness and cardiometabolic health in physically inactive individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 60, 133-141.

Satija, A., Bhupathiraju, S., Spiegelman, D., Chiuve, S., Manson, J., Willett, W., … & Hu, F. (2017). Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70(4), 411-422.

Sears, B. (2025). Benefits of Hot and Cold Contrast Therapy Baths. Retrieved from www.verywellhealth.com/contrast-bath-in-physical-therapy-2696628.

Sherrington, C., Fairhall, N., Wallbank, G., Tiedemann, A., Michaleff, Z., Howard, K., … & Lamb, S. (2019). Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1(1), CD012424.

Soronio, A. (2025). What Is Relaxation Massage and How It Helps Your Body. Retrieved from https://getblys.com.au/blog/what-is-relaxation-massage-benefits/.

Suebsoontorn, W., Nimit-Arnun, N., & Chatdokmaipria, K. (2019). The Effects of Self - Efficacy Enhancement Program on Fall Prevention Behaviors and Physical Capabilities of Elderly Persons in Community. Chonburi Hospital Journal, 44(2), 119-128.

Thai Health Promotion Foundation. (2012). Ministry of Public Health Indicates Thais Are at Risk of Illness Due to Lack of Exercise. Retrieved from www.thaihealth.or.th/สธ-ชี้คนไทยเสี่ยงป่วยเห/.

Thairath. (2024). Thais Bear Expenses Amounting to 82% of Their Income: Uncovering the Cost of Living and Highest Monthly Expenditures. Retrieved from www.thairath.co.th/money/economics/thai_economics/2786569.

Tomova, A., Bukovsky, I., Rembert, E., Yonas, W., Alwarith, J., Barnard, N., & Kahleova, H. (2019). The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Nutrition, 6, 47.

Viroli, G., Kalmpourtzidou, A., & Cena, H. (2023). Exploring Benefits and Barriers of Plant-Based Diets: Health, Environmental Impact, Food Accessibility and Acceptability. Nutrients, 15(22), 4723.

Wickramaratne, P., Yangchen, T., Lepow, L., Patra, B., Glicksburg, B., Talati, A., … & Weissman, M. (2022). Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review. PloS One, 17(10), e0275004.

Wirth, K., Hartmann, H., Sander, A., Mickel, C., Szilvas, E., & Keiner, M. (2016). The Impact of Back Squat and Leg-Press Exercises on Maximal Strength and Speed-Strength Parameters. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1205-1212.

Wood, M. (2025). 4 Breathing Exercises for Less Stress, More Energy: How to Breathe Your Way to Better Health. Retrieved from www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/4-breathing-techniques-for-better-health.

Zaffanello, M., Pietrobelli, A., Cavarzere, P., Guzzo, A., & Antoniazzi, F. (2023). Complex relationship between growth hormone and sleep in children: insights, discrepancies, and implications. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1332114.

Published

2026-06-18

How to Cite

VIPAPORN, T., & MANKHONG, P. (2026). WHY LIVE LONG IF FRAIL? SAVING SANTI ASOKE’S HEALTHSPAN VIA RESISTANCE TRAINING. Thai Science, Technology and Health Review, 2(1), Article 1. retrieved from https://he05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TSTHR/article/view/6946