Development of a Health Literacy Model Using Online Media for High-Risk Pregnant Women at Bandanlanhoi Hospital

Abstract

Background: Maternal and child health remains a major public health concern, particularly among high‑risk pregnant women who are susceptible to complications that may affect both the mother and the fetus and can lead to mortality. Ensuring that high‑risk pregnant women possess accurate knowledge and appropriate self‑care behaviors is essential to reduce fetal and maternal complications.

Objective: To develop and evaluate an online media–based health literacy intervention model for high‑risk pregnant women at Bandanlanhoi Hospital.      

Methods: The study applied Nutbeam’s health literacy framework and was conducted in four phases: situational analysis, program development, pilot implementation, and evaluation. A purposive sample of 28 high‑risk pregnant women participated. Study instruments included the online health literacy intervention model for high‑risk pregnant women and a questionnaire assessing health literacy and self‑care behaviors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed‑Rank Test for inferential analysis.

Results: The online health literacy intervention model comprised six dimensions: 1) access to health information for self‑care during pregnancy; 2) understanding of self‑care during pregnancy; 3) decision‑making skills for self‑care during pregnancy; 4) media literacy for pregnancy self‑care; 5) communication skills for self‑care during pregnancy; and 6) self‑management for pregnancy self‑care. After implementation, participants’ health literacy scores and self‑care behavior scores increased significantly compared with pre‑intervention levels (p < .05).

Conclusion: The online media–based health literacy model for high‑risk pregnant women demonstrated significant improvements in participants’ health literacy and self‑care behaviors. Continued development and scaling of the model across health network partners are recommended.