Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and older patient with dementia in Buddhasothorn hospital
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Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is becoming increasingly prevalent in Thailand. It leads to progressive decline in cognition, memory, and behavior, significantly impacting patients, caregivers, and legal or financial management. Recent evidence suggests that the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a marker of systemic inflammation, may be associated with the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.
Objectives: To investigate the association between NLR and dementia, and to compare NLR values among patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and non-dementia individuals.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from October 1, 2019, to September 30, 2023, including patients aged 60 years and older diagnosed with dementia at Buddhasothorn Hospital by neurologists. Demographic data, risk factors (such as diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation), and NLR values were collected and analyzed.
Results: A total of 83 dementia and 106 non-dementia patients were included. The dementia group was older (74.38 ± 8.89 vs. 70.21 ± 7.49 years, p<0.001) and had significantly higher NLR values (3.36 ± 4.97 vs. 1.53 ± 0.58, p=0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with AD, VaD, and other types of dementia all had significantly higher NLR compared to the non-dementia group. However, no significant differences in NLR were observed among the dementia subtypes.
Conclusion: NLR was significantly elevated in dementia patients compared to non-dementia individuals (p<0.001). Elevated NLR was consistently observed across all dementia subtypes, including AD and VaD, suggesting a potential role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of dementia.
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