Physical therapy management for shoulder pain in hemiplegic patients.

Abstract

Shoulder pain is a common clinical manifestation in hemiplegic patients. There are several causes of shoulder pain such as spasticity, improper positioning, improper transfer, or immobility of affected upper extremity. It impedes rehabilitation of upper extremity ability and activities of daily living. Therefore, prevention of shoulder pain is the best way for hemiplegic patients. There are many physical therapy techniques for prevention and management for shoulder pain, including proper positioning, proper transfer techniques, passive stretching, electrical stimulation, passive movement, shoulder exercise, and mobilization, etc.