Personality change and associated factors in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Keywords:
Personality, personality change, neuropsychiatric symptom, mild cognitive impairment, mild neurocognitive disorderAbstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that a history of personality change might guide the diagnosis of early mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which would lead to earlier treatment and better outcome of dementia.
Objectives: To investigate personality change and other factors associated with MCI.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by recruiting information from 83 patients with MCI at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital using Thai version of questionnaires about demographic data, the Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Thai Geriatric Depression Scale, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP). The patients’ caregivers were also asked to evaluate the patients’ personality during the 5 years prior to the diagnosis and their current personality. The statistical analyses were frequency, percentage, mean and t - test. Analysis of factors correlated with personality change was performed with logistic regression.
Results: Eighty-three patients were included, showing a mean age of 72.1 7.1 years old with 61.4% of them being female. The mean TMSE was 27.6
1.9 and the mean MoCA was 21.6
3.1. Personality change in patients with MCI showed a statistically significant increase in neuroticism and a decrease in openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between emotional stability, agreeableness, and NPI-Q (r = - 0.442 and - 0.227) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.039). A positive correlation between extraversion and MoCA was found (r = 0.336) (P = 0.002). Neuroticism was detected to have a correlation with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), including irritability, anxiety, depression, apathy, disinhibition, and agitation. There was a significant correlation between agreeableness and NPS (apathy) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there was personality change in MCI patients, featuring an increase in neuroticism, openness to experience, and agreeableness and a decrease in extraversion and conscientiousness. Extraversion was found to be positively correlated with cognitive functions and there was a positive and negative correlation with NPS among neuroticism and agreeableness, respectively.
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