MRI of cranial nerve enhancement: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) case series
Keywords:
Abnormal enhancement of cranial nerves (CNs), 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted image (T1WI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Abstract
Abnormal enhancement of cranial nerves (CNs) can be observed in a variety of disease. We present eight cases of cranial nerve (CN) enhancement, including inflammatory process, hematologic malignancy, perineural spreading of extracranial tumor, cerebrospinal fluid seeding of high grade primary brain tumor, demyelination and post radiation change. Based on our case series, the findings cover board differential diagnoses. The use of contrast enhanced 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted image (T1WI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and reasonable MRI sequences can increase conspicuity of the finding. Furthermore, incorporating underlying disease, clinical duration, and associated intracranial / extracranial findings may help narrow the probable etiologies.
Downloads
References
Osborn AG, Hedlund GL, Salzman KL. Brain imaging, pathology, and anatomy. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017.
Saremi F, Helmy M, Farzin S, Zee CS, Go JL. MRI of cranial nerve enhancement. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2005;185:1487-97. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.04.1518
Grisold W, Grisold A, Marosi C, Meng S, Briani C. Neuropathies associated with lymphoma. Neurooncol Pract 2015;2:167-78. https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npv025
Grisold W, Grisold A, Briani C, Meng S. Lymphoma and the cranial nerves. Clin Oncol 2017;2:1-3.
Kirsch CFE, Schmalfuss IM. Practical tips for MR imaging of perineural tumor spread. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2018;26:85-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mric.2017.08.006
Groves MD. Leptomeningeal disease. Neurosurg Clin NAm 2011;22:67-78.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2010.08.006
Mabray MC, Glastonbury CM, Mamlouk MD, Punch GE, Solomon DA, Cha S. Direct cranial nerve involvement by gliomas: Case series and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:1349-54.
https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4287
Lee EK, Lee EJ, Kim MS, Park HJ, Park NH, Park S 2nd, et al. Intracranial metastases: spectrum of MR imaging findings. Acta Radiol 2012;53:1173-85. https://doi.org/10.1258/ar.2012.120291
Petcharunpaisan S, Lerdlum S. A case of Miller-Fisher syndrome with multiple cranial nerves enhancement on MRI. Chula Med J 2010;54:369 - 73.
Lolekha P, Phanthumchinda K. Miller-Fisher syndrome at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2009;92:471-7.
San-Juan OD, Martinez-Herrera JF, Garcia JM, Gonzalez-Aragon MF, Del Castillo-Calcaneo Jde D, Perez-Neri I. Miller fisher syndrome: 10 years' experience in a third-level center. Eur Neurol 2009;62:149-54.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000226599
Muniz AE. Multiple cranial nerve neuropathies, ataxia and, areflexia: Miller Fisher syndrome in a child and review. Am J Emerg Med 2017;35:661.e1-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.042
Waddy HM, Misra VP, King RH, Thomas PK, Middleton L, Ormerod IE. Focal cranial nerve involvement in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: clinical and MRI evidence of peripheral and central lesions. J Neurol 1989;236:400-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00314898
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2018Apr 13]. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/ Disorders/AllDisorders/Chronic-Inflammatory- DemyelinatingPolyneuropathy-CIDP-Information- Page.
Spataro R, La Bella V. Long-lasting cranial nerve III palsy as a presenting feature of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Case Rep Med 2015;2015: 769429
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/769429
Casselman J, Mermuys K, Delanote J, Ghekiere J, Coenegrachts K. MRI of the cranial nerves-more than meets the eye: technical considerations and advanced anatomy. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2008;18:197-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nic.2008.02.002
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Chulalongkorn Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
