The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in preeclampsia and implantation failure: A molecular review

Ari  Budi Suryawinata; Mariel  Tania Darmayani; Listyani  Suhargo

Authors

Ari Budi Suryawinata Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Mariel Tania Darmayani Islamic Elementary School 52 Sidoarjo, Sidoarjo, Indonesia
Listyani Suhargo Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia and RG Developmental Biology & Biomedical Science, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords:

Implantation failure, NLRP3 inflammasome, preeclampsia, reproductive immunology, sterile inflammation

Abstract

The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical molecular sensor for danger signals within the innate immune system. While its role in general inflammatory disorders is welldocumented, its specific contribution to reproductive failures remains a critical knowledge gap in maternalfetal medicine. Preeclampsia and implantation failure represent significant clinical challenges characterized by maladaptive sterile inflammation. This review synthesizes the molecular architecture of NLRP3 and its dual role in health and disease. We specifically examine how NLRP3 dysregulation disrupts the delicate immunological balance at the maternal-fetal interface. By analyzing the mechanisms of hyper-activation and failure within the uterine microenvironment, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies, such as small-molecule inhibitors, to improve obstetric outcomes.

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