Role of perceived control over falls in older adults

Abstract

Falls among older adults constitute a considerable public health challenge, often leading to severe physical injuries, reduced independence, and a diminished quality of life. Perceived control, a critical psychological construct, plays a substantial role in sustaining physical health, cognitive function, and overall life satisfaction, and it is strongly associated with positive health outcomes. This review aims to examine the role of perceived control in fall risk among older adults. Concern about falling (CaF) is a prevalent psychological factor that influences fall risk by affecting behaviors linked to physical activity, balance, and adaptive responses. Perceived control theory provides a framework for understanding how older adults’ confidence in managing falls shapes their emotional responses and behavioral adaptations, thereby influencing fall-related outcomes and overall health. This review highlights the complex and multidimensional nature of perceived control related to falls. High levels of perceived control are positively correlated with better physical and mental health, whereas lower perceived control is associated with an increased fall risk and compromised well-being. A thorough analysis of theoretical models and empirical studies highlights perceived control as a mediator that promotes adaptive behaviors, supports emotional resilience, and encourages proactive engagement in fall prevention strategies. By identifying knowledge gaps in the existing literature, this review encourages further research on factors that influence perceived control and the development of standardized assessment tools that address the psychological and physical aspects of fall prevention. Such tools could enhance the independence and well-being of older adults.