Brain Metastases
Keywords:
Brain metastasis, Lung cancer, Radiation therapy, Chemotherapy, PrognosisAbstract
Brain metastasis is the most common intracranial tumor in adults, accounting for 20–40% of all brain tumors. The primary sources include lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma. The mechanisms of metastasis involve the “Seed and Soil” hypothesis, cancer stem cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Diagnosis is primarily based on neuroimaging (CT/MRI) and identifying the primary malignancy. Treatment is determined by the tumor’s origin and staging and includes surgery, radiation therapy, systemic chemotherapy, and targeted therapy based on genetic mutations. Prognostic factors include age, performance status, number of lesions, and the presence of extracranial disease.
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