เนื้องอกแพร่กระจายสู่สมอง
คำสำคัญ:
เนื้องอกแพร่กระจายสู่สมอง, มะเร็งปอด, การฉายรังสี, ยาเคมีบำบัด, พยากรณ์โรคบทคัดย่อ
เนื้องอกแพร่กระจายสู่สมอง (Brain Metastases) เป็นภาวะที่พบได้บ่อยในผู้ป่วยมะเร็งระยะลุกลาม โดยพบมากถึงร้อยละ 20–40 ของเนื้องอกในสมองทั้งหมด สาเหตุหลักมักมาจากมะเร็งปอด เต้านม และเมลาโนมา กลไกการแพร่กระจายเกี่ยวข้องกับทฤษฎี “Seed and Soil,” เซลล์ต้นกำเนิดมะเร็ง (Cancer Stem Cell) และกระบวนการ Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition การวินิจฉัยทำได้โดยอาศัยการถ่ายภาพรังสี (CT/MRI) และการตรวจหามะเร็งต้นกำเนิด การรักษาขึ้นอยู่กับชนิดและระยะของมะเร็งต้นกำเนิด ประกอบด้วยการผ่าตัด การฉายรังสี การใช้ยาเคมีบำบัด รวมถึงการรักษาแบบเฉพาะทางตามพันธุกรรมของมะเร็ง ปัจจัยสำคัญที่มีผลต่อพยากรณ์โรค ได้แก่ อายุ สถานภาพของผู้ป่วย จำนวนรอยโรค และการแพร่กระจายของโรคนอกสมอง
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