Opportunistic infection diseases among HIV-infected and AIDS patients in Thailand
Keywords:
opportunistic infections disease (OIs), AIDS Epidemic Intelligence Information System (AIDS-EIIS), ThailandAbstract
Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are associated with the leading cause of death in HIV-infected people in Thailand. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control and Information Technology Center Ministry of Public Health and Thailand MOPH-US CDC Collaboration have developed an information system, AIDS Epidemic Intelligence Information System (AIDS-EIIS), for national HIV/AIDS surveillance database. Therefore, the trends in prevalence of OIs in HIV/AIDS patients was studied from this database.
Methods: A cross-sectional from 2018 to 2020 in 76 provinces of Thailand, except Bangkok. The Hospital Information Systems (HIS) and the Laboratory Information System (LIS) were combined with the medical and health service information reporting system (43 files). The study subjects were both Thai and non-Thai patients with HIV infection. Health Data Center (HDC) database has been operated by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) according to the disease surveillance guidelines under the Communicable Disease Control Act B.E 2015. The data set was imported to AIDS-EIIS by Navicat program to generate tables contained study variables. The Power BI program was used for analyzing and visualizing data to present descriptive statistics i.e. percentage, mean, median.
Results: The total number of people living with HIV/AIDS was 315,467 (2018) 326,465 (2019) and 340,350 (2020), and 45,126 (2018) 46,455 (2019) and 43,867 (2020) were met OIs infection criteria. Sex ratio of OIs between female and male was 1 : 1.46 (female : male). Chiang Mai showed the highest number of HIV patients with opportunistic infections in Thailand. Population ages 40-44 years old reported the highest OIs comorbidity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was the most common chance OIs, 39%.
Discussions and Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV-related OIs had dramatically declined from 2018 to 2020, due to people with HIV were greater access to antiretroviral. Both males and females were similarly decreasing on OIs. The age over 45 years old tends to increase. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis were more highly than others OIs. Chonburi, Chumphon and Khon-Kaen had increased OIs every year.
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