Situation of asphyxiation or toxic gas inhalation caused by gas water heaters in Thailand, 2008–2020

Abstract

Background: The dangers associated with using gas water heaters are infrequent but can be life-threatening. At present, the situation of asphyxiation and toxic gas inhalation resulting from using gas water heaters in Thailand has not been analyzed. This study aims to assess the magnitude and distribution by time, place, person, and to provide recommendations for prevention and control measures
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from event-based surveillance database and online news on the webpage. Study populations include patients or deaths resulting from the use of gas water heaters in Thailand during 2008–2020. Data were analyzed in percentage, median and range.
Results: Between 2008 and 2020, there were 31 events of cases and deaths while bathing in the bathrooms equipped with gas water heaters. Of 44 people affected, 26 were female and 18 were male. Age ranged from 4 to 67 years old. The vast majority were Thai (93.2%); others were Singaporean. Eight people were reported to be dead (case-fatality rate 18.2%). The incidents usually occurred between December and January, with only four provinces were reported the events – Chiang Mai (23 events), Phetchabun (4 events), Chiang Rai (3 events) and Nan (1 event). The gas water heaters related incidents usually happened in the hotels, resorts, residences, or temples. Risk factors included taking a shower or doing bathroom activities for a long time and inadequate air ventilation.
Conclusions and recommendations: Appropriate prevention strategies are necessary including providing health education on the danger of using gas water heaters to the public, especially, the tourist travelling to the high-risk area. The bathroom should be spacious enough with sufficient ventilation. The gas water heaters should be regularly inspected in order to ensure safety