Evaluation of the real-world effectiveness COVID-19 vaccine in central and local database in Khon Kaen, October 2021–March 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59096/wesr.v56i2.3239Keywords:
vaccine effectiveness, COVID-19 vaccine, mixed vaccine, delta variant, omicron variantAbstract
Thailand has pioneered the utilization of heterologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens. Previous vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are mainly based on secondary data. This study focuses on Khon Kaen, an area with high vaccine coverage but limited information on VE and have own data storage. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in Khon Kaen against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe cases or mortality by using central and local databases.
Methods: We selected the study population from three hospitals of different levels in Khon Kaen: Phrayuen Hospital (first level 2), Banphai Hospital (middle level 2), and Sirinthorn Hospital (middle level 1), then conducted a test-negative case-control study. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe or fatal outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection from October 2021 to March 2022. Data were obtained from central and local databases, and we performed univariate, multiple, and exact logistic regression analyses to estimate VE. Results were presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals.
Result: The study revealed varying levels of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 Infection during the Delta variant: two doses showed 60–73% VE (95% CI: 49, 81), mixed vaccine showed 58–72% VE, and three doses increased to 60–88%. VE against severe or fatal outcomes during the Delta variant was measured at 88% (95% CI: 2, 99). Notably, the central database and the local database showed the same direction of the VE result and were not statistically significant differences.
Conclusion: The VE of the COVID-19 vaccine in Khon Kaen Province, when administered at least two doses, has shown the ability to protect infection of the SARS-CoV-2, severe illness or death in the Delta variant. However, conclusive results cannot be drawn for the Omicron variant due to sample size limitations. Data from both databases can be used to calculate VE.
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