Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccine in the Responsible Area of the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 4 Saraburi, Thailand, December 2021
Keywords:
effectiveness, vaccine, COVID-19, ThailandAbstract
Background: Thailand has implemented a combination injection formula of COVID-19 vaccines to reduce the spread and severity of COVID-19. The study objective was to estimate the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in preventing COVID-19 infection among the population of eight provinces in the responsibility area of the Office of Disease Prevention and Control Region 4 (ODPC4) Saraburi, December 2021.
Methods: We use a test-negative case-control study. The study population comprised individuals registered for COVID-19 testing at the Laboratory of the Office of Disease Prevention and Control 4 Saraburi, among the 8 provinces, during December 2021. We linked the COVID-19 testing data to the Ministry of Public Health Immunization Center (MOPH-IC) database. The case was defined as individuals who got positive results for SARS-CoV-2 from RT-PCR or ATK tests. The control was individuals who tested negative for the virus using RT-PCR or ATK. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence Interval (CI) were estimated. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated using the formula (1-OR) *100.
Results: The study included a total of 8,582 individuals, 979 cases and 7,603 controls. The vaccine effectiveness for the first, second, and third doses controlling for age was 43.10% (20.2-59.4), 62.60% (55.3-68.7), and 93.50% (90.2-95.7), respectively. In the age group of 18-59 years, the vaccine effectiveness for the first, second, and third doses was 40.6% (9.8-60.9), 60.4% (50.0-68.2), and 93.0% (90.4-96.1), respectively. For individuals aged 12-17 years, the vaccine effectiveness for the two-dose regimen was 83.5% (68.1-91.5). Meanwhile, for individuals aged at least 60 years, receiving two doses exhibited the vaccine effectiveness of 57.7% (40.9-69.7). Regarding the vaccine formula, two-dose of AZD1222 showed the effectiveness of 82.20% (77.30-85.90). The effectiveness was 58.10% (49.30-65.30%) for combined CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines and 48.30% (37.20-57.40) for the two-dose BBIBP-CorV regimen.
Conclusion: During the co-emergence of Delta and Omicron strains, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing COVID-19 infection increased with the number of doses administered. The effectiveness of two doses of vaccines in the age group of 12-17 years was higher than the other age groups. The two doses of AZD1222 vaccine demonstrated higher effectiveness compared to the combined of CoronaVac with BNT162b2, and the two-dose BBIBP-CorV vaccines. Measures should be taken to accelerate the administration of booster vaccines, especially in high-risk populations. The ongoing evaluation of vaccine effectiveness using various methods is essential since results may change due to factors such as potential reductions in immunity and other confounding variables that can impact vaccine effectiveness.
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