The Development Model for Enhancing Capabilities of Caregivers for Dependent Elderly in the New Normal Era

Abstract

            The purpose of this study was to develop and study the effectiveness of the development model for enhancing capabilities of caregivers for dependent elderly in the new normal era. The samples were selected using a multi-stage random sampling, consisting of: 1) 30 caregivers who completed at least 70 hours of elderly care training and had at least 1 year of experience in caring for dependent elderly, 2) 30 dependent elderly with Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores between 0-11, and 3) 30 family members of dependent elderly. Data were collected using the personal information questionnaires, knowledge assessment forms, perception of caregiver role questionnaires, role satisfaction of caregiver questionnaires, elderly ADL assessment forms, and family satisfaction questionnaires. The overall reliability coefficient of instrument was 0.87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test.

           The research findings revealed that the development model for enhancing capabilities of caregivers for dependent elderly comprised: 1) enhancement of knowledge in elderly care, which included health and illness assessment, assessment of problems and needs of dependent elderly and infection prevention and control in the new normal era, 2) development of elderly care skills, including daily care for dependent elderly, specific care activities such as: pressure ulcer wound care, nasogastric tube feeding and physical rehabilitation, 3) development of communication skills and teamwork and 4) empowerment and coping strategy development for caregivers. After model implementation, the caregivers showed significantly improved knowledge, role perception, and role satisfaction, and the family members had significantly higher satisfaction with caregivers' performance (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the elderly's ADL scores before and after model implementation.

            Research recommendations suggest continuous development of caregivers' capabilities to enhance their potential and confidence in performing their roles. Long-term effectiveness studies of the model should be conducted, and the research should be expanded to nearby areas to develop a model suitable for all contexts.