Epidemiology of Open Globe Injuries in Sakon Nakhon Hospital: A Single Tertiary-Care Center Retrospective Chart Review

Abstract

              This descriptive study examined the demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, clinical features, and factors associated with visual outcomes in patients with open globe injuries at Sakon Nakhon Hospital. A retrospective review was conducted of all 217 patients treated at Sakon Nakhon Hospital between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2024. Data were collected on demographics, injury mechanisms, wound characteristics, treatment modalities, and visual acuity. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictive factors.

            The results revealed that the majority of patients were male (84.3%) and of working age (65.9%). The primary cause was sharp objects (66.4%). The cornea was the most common injury site (88.5%). Following treatment, most patients continued to have unfavorable final visual outcomes (< 20/200). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified factors independently associated with unfavorable final visual acuity with statistical significance, including: wound size greater than 10 millimeters (p < 0.05), vitreous hemorrhage (p < 0.05), retinal detachment (p < 0.05), and poor initial visual acuity (p < 0.05).

            Open globe injuries at Sakon Nakhon Hospital predominantly affect working-age males. Independent prognostic factors associated with unfavorable visual outcomes include wound size exceeding 10 millimeters, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, and poor initial visual acuity. These findings are crucial for disease assessment, patient counseling, and appropriate treatment I.