Development of Medication Safety Standards Implementation in Sakaeo Province.

Abstract

This action research aimed to develop the implementation of medication safety standards using the 5C3SDTI model and to compare outcomes before and after applying the model in hospitals across Sakaeo Province. The study involved nine hospitals as the primary target group, with process data collected from one Provincial Public Health Office between October 2023 and May 2025. Research instruments consisted of the 5C3SDTI model and the Medication Safety Standards Assessment Form, with data collected at two time points before and after the intervention. General data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and pre- and post-implementation performance was compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results revealed that the median score for medication safety standards in hospitals significantly increased from 3.07 (IQR = 2.80–3.50) to 3.33 (IQR = 3.07–4.00) after using the model (p = 0.027). Of the 15 domains assessed, 12 showed improvement, with the greatest gains in pharmaceutical compounding and preparation, inpatient pharmacy dispensing services, and integrated information systems and primary care pharmacy services. Additionally, a province-wide medication safety alert system for patients with chronic kidney disease was developed through Line and Telegram.  A Grafana system was established to integrate provincial medication data, and a Serious Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Type A and B surveillance system was developed to link severe drug allergy data across the province through the Grafana system.