Vancouver Reference Style Guidelines for JMNPR
Reference Writing Guidelines
Last updated: 23 August 2026
The Journal of Medicine, Nursing and Public Health Research (JMNPR) requires authors to use a numerical citation system based on Vancouver Style, an internationally recognized reference style widely used in the health sciences. The journal has adapted certain details to suit its publication format in order to ensure clarity, consistency, and ease of source verification. References consist of two main components:
1. In-text citations
2. References at the end of the manuscript
The JMNPR reference guidelines are as follows.
1. In-text Citations
In-text citations identify the sources used to support statements in a manuscript, enabling readers to verify the origin of the information and helping to prevent plagiarism. JMNPR uses the numerical Vancouver citation system, in which references are identified by Arabic numerals such as 1, 2, and 3, assigned in the order in which the sources first appear in the text rather than alphabetically by author name.
1. When a source is cited for the first time, assign it a reference number, for example, 1.
2. When the same source is cited again, use the same reference number; do not assign a new number.
3. The citation numbers must correspond exactly to the numbered entries in the References section.
4. Place citation numbers in square brackets, for example [1], after the relevant word, statement, or sentence, with one space before the opening bracket.
1. When a source is cited for the first time, assign it a reference number, for example, 1.
2. When the same source is cited again, use the same reference number; do not assign a new number.
3. The citation numbers must correspond exactly to the numbered entries in the References section.
4. Place citation numbers in square brackets, for example [1], after the relevant word, statement, or sentence, with one space before the opening bracket.
Forms of in-text citation
1.1 Author-prominent Citation
Use this form when the author or researcher is an important part of the statement, for example, when referring to a researcher who conducted a study or proposed a concept.
Guidelines
1) State the author's name in the text.
2) Place the reference number after the author's name, with one space before the opening bracket.
3) Use this form when emphasis is placed on the author or researcher.
Example
Treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections, together with encouragement and support for regular antiretroviral therapy, resulted in comparable treatment responses among patients across CD4 cell count groups at treatment initiation, consistent with the findings reported by Theerapon Sukmark, Aree Supawong, Piangjai Tanchon, and Supalak Jitnatham [11].
Guidelines
1) State the author's name in the text.
2) Place the reference number after the author's name, with one space before the opening bracket.
3) Use this form when emphasis is placed on the author or researcher.
Example
Treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections, together with encouragement and support for regular antiretroviral therapy, resulted in comparable treatment responses among patients across CD4 cell count groups at treatment initiation, consistent with the findings reported by Theerapon Sukmark, Aree Supawong, Piangjai Tanchon, and Supalak Jitnatham [11].
1.2 Information-prominent Citation
Use this form when the emphasis is on the information, fact, or study finding rather than on the name of the researcher.
Guidelines
1) Place the reference number after the statement or sentence being cited, with one space before the opening bracket.
2) This form is appropriate when there is no need to identify the researcher by name in the text.
Example
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently a major global public health problem, including in Thailand, because it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death and may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring renal replacement therapy or kidney transplantation. In the United States, the prevalence increased from 12.3% of the population during 1988–1994 to 14% during 2005–2010 [2], a figure similar to that reported during 2017–2020 [3].
Guidelines
1) Place the reference number after the statement or sentence being cited, with one space before the opening bracket.
2) This form is appropriate when there is no need to identify the researcher by name in the text.
Example
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is currently a major global public health problem, including in Thailand, because it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death and may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), requiring renal replacement therapy or kidney transplantation. In the United States, the prevalence increased from 12.3% of the population during 1988–1994 to 14% during 2005–2010 [2], a figure similar to that reported during 2017–2020 [3].
1.3 Citing Multiple References
Guidelines
1) For consecutive reference numbers, such as 3, 4, and 5, use a range: 3–5.
2) For nonconsecutive references, such as 2, 5, and 7, write them as 2,5,7.
3) When several references support the same statement or concept, the reference numbers may be grouped after the same sentence.
Example
A recent meta-analysis of 100 reports involving 6,908,440 participants found that the prevalence of CKD stages 1–5 was 13.4% and that of stages 3–5 was 10.6% [5,6]. Based on these estimates, approximately 843.6 million people worldwide were projected to have CKD stages 1–5 in 2019. In Thailand, studies of patients with predialysis CKD [3,8-11] have reported prevalence estimates ranging from 4.6% [9] to 17.5% [3].
1) For consecutive reference numbers, such as 3, 4, and 5, use a range: 3–5.
2) For nonconsecutive references, such as 2, 5, and 7, write them as 2,5,7.
3) When several references support the same statement or concept, the reference numbers may be grouped after the same sentence.
Example
A recent meta-analysis of 100 reports involving 6,908,440 participants found that the prevalence of CKD stages 1–5 was 13.4% and that of stages 3–5 was 10.6% [5,6]. Based on these estimates, approximately 843.6 million people worldwide were projected to have CKD stages 1–5 in 2019. In Thailand, studies of patients with predialysis CKD [3,8-11] have reported prevalence estimates ranging from 4.6% [9] to 17.5% [3].
1.4 Placement of Citation Numbers
For consistency, authors should follow these principles:
1) Place the reference number after the relevant statement or sentence and before the final punctuation, for example, “...was statistically significant [1].”
2) When the cited statement appears within parentheses, the citation number may be placed outside the closing parenthesis.
3) Avoid inserting citation numbers in positions that interrupt the natural flow of the text.
Example
In some countries, the condition may occur frequently enough to be considered endemic. Renal biopsy findings may demonstrate chronic interstitial nephropathy, as reported in Sri Lanka, where the condition is known as CKD of unknown cause (CKDu) [20], and in Central American countries, where it is referred to as Mesoamerican nephropathy [21].
1) Place the reference number after the relevant statement or sentence and before the final punctuation, for example, “...was statistically significant [1].”
2) When the cited statement appears within parentheses, the citation number may be placed outside the closing parenthesis.
3) Avoid inserting citation numbers in positions that interrupt the natural flow of the text.
Example
In some countries, the condition may occur frequently enough to be considered endemic. Renal biopsy findings may demonstrate chronic interstitial nephropathy, as reported in Sri Lanka, where the condition is known as CKD of unknown cause (CKDu) [20], and in Central American countries, where it is referred to as Mesoamerican nephropathy [21].
2. References
The reference list must be arranged numerically in the order in which sources are cited in the text: 1, 2, 3, 4, … . Each number in the References section must correspond exactly to the citation number used in the text. The required format depends on the type of source, such as a journal article, book, government report, thesis or dissertation, or online document. References originally published in Thai should be cited in Thai.
2.1 General Principles for Vancouver-style References
2.1.1 Author Names
For references in Thai, write the given name followed by the family name. For references in English, write the family name first, followed by the initials of the given name and middle name, if applicable, without periods between initials. For example:
Thai reference English reference
ธีรพล สุขมาก Sukmark T
พรทิพย์ รัตนบุรี Rattanaburi P
ปียาวรรณ์ สงชู Songchu P
สิมิลัน คีรีศรี Kirisri S
ปริศนา มณีฉาย Maneechai P
กษมาพร เที่ยงธรรม Thiengtham K
Note: In English references, the first letter of each initial should be capitalized.
2.1.2 Multiple Authors
1) List up to the first 6 authors.
2) If there are more than 6 authors, list the first 6 followed by “et al.” for English-language references or “และคณะ” for Thai-language references.
Example: มุทิตา พนาสถิตย์, นันทิกา ทวิชาชาติ, พวงสร้อย วรกุล. ภาวะพุทธิปัญญาของผู้ป่วยโรคจิตเภทเรื้อรังที่เข้ารักษาแบบผู้ป่วยนอก แผนกจิตเวช โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์เวชสาร 2551;52(1):1-15.
2.1.3 Corporate Authors
List the parent organization first, followed by the subordinate unit. For example:
1) World Health Organization, Epidemiology Division.
2) Mahidol University, Faculty of Nursing.
2.1.4 Titles with Subtitles
Separate the main title and subtitle with a colon followed by one space. For example:
1) Nausea and vomiting: mechanisms and management.
2) Statin-induced self-management theory: a review and update.
2.1.5 Book Edition
Include the edition only from the second edition onward. For example:
1) 2nd ed.
2) 3rd ed.
2.1.6 Place of Publication and Publisher for Books
(1) City – Publisher – Year
1) New York: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
2) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
3) Libertyville (IL): Hollister; 2009.
(2) Omit corporate designations such as Inc., Co., and Ltd.
1) Hollister Incorporated → Hollister
2) Lexi-Comp, Inc. → Lexi-Comp
(3) When the publisher is an organization:
1) Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control; 2019.
2) Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
2.1.7 Page Numbers
Give the first and last page numbers, abbreviating repeated leading digits where appropriate. For example:
Full page range Vancouver format
10–18 10–8
1098–1105 1098–105
S104–S111 S104–11
105e–117e 105e–17e
For references in Thai, write the given name followed by the family name. For references in English, write the family name first, followed by the initials of the given name and middle name, if applicable, without periods between initials. For example:
Thai reference English reference
ธีรพล สุขมาก Sukmark T
พรทิพย์ รัตนบุรี Rattanaburi P
ปียาวรรณ์ สงชู Songchu P
สิมิลัน คีรีศรี Kirisri S
ปริศนา มณีฉาย Maneechai P
กษมาพร เที่ยงธรรม Thiengtham K
Note: In English references, the first letter of each initial should be capitalized.
2.1.2 Multiple Authors
1) List up to the first 6 authors.
2) If there are more than 6 authors, list the first 6 followed by “et al.” for English-language references or “และคณะ” for Thai-language references.
Example: มุทิตา พนาสถิตย์, นันทิกา ทวิชาชาติ, พวงสร้อย วรกุล. ภาวะพุทธิปัญญาของผู้ป่วยโรคจิตเภทเรื้อรังที่เข้ารักษาแบบผู้ป่วยนอก แผนกจิตเวช โรงพยาบาลจุฬาลงกรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์เวชสาร 2551;52(1):1-15.
2.1.3 Corporate Authors
List the parent organization first, followed by the subordinate unit. For example:
1) World Health Organization, Epidemiology Division.
2) Mahidol University, Faculty of Nursing.
2.1.4 Titles with Subtitles
Separate the main title and subtitle with a colon followed by one space. For example:
1) Nausea and vomiting: mechanisms and management.
2) Statin-induced self-management theory: a review and update.
2.1.5 Book Edition
Include the edition only from the second edition onward. For example:
1) 2nd ed.
2) 3rd ed.
2.1.6 Place of Publication and Publisher for Books
(1) City – Publisher – Year
1) New York: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
2) Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
3) Libertyville (IL): Hollister; 2009.
(2) Omit corporate designations such as Inc., Co., and Ltd.
1) Hollister Incorporated → Hollister
2) Lexi-Comp, Inc. → Lexi-Comp
(3) When the publisher is an organization:
1) Nonthaburi: Department of Disease Control; 2019.
2) Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
2.1.7 Page Numbers
Give the first and last page numbers, abbreviating repeated leading digits where appropriate. For example:
Full page range Vancouver format
10–18 10–8
1098–1105 1098–105
S104–S111 S104–11
105e–117e 105e–17e
Examples of references with no more than 6 authors
(Journal Article examples)
1. ธณัชช์นรี สโรบล, โชคชัย โชคภัทรชัย, สุมิตรพร จอมจันทร, สมพร สิทธิสงคราม, นิตยา บุญลือ. ผลของโปรแกรมการปรึกษาแบบกลุ่มต่อความสามารถในการปรับตัวของผู้ปกครองเด็กสมาธิสั้น. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์และมานุษยวิทยาเชิงพุทธ 2563;5(12):445-61.
2. Picardeau M, Bertherat E, Jancloes M, Skouloudis AN, Durski K, Hartskeerl RA. Rapid tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis: current tools and emerging technologies. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2014 Jan 1;78(1):1-8.
(Journal Article examples)
1. ธณัชช์นรี สโรบล, โชคชัย โชคภัทรชัย, สุมิตรพร จอมจันทร, สมพร สิทธิสงคราม, นิตยา บุญลือ. ผลของโปรแกรมการปรึกษาแบบกลุ่มต่อความสามารถในการปรับตัวของผู้ปกครองเด็กสมาธิสั้น. วารสารสังคมศาสตร์และมานุษยวิทยาเชิงพุทธ 2563;5(12):445-61.
2. Picardeau M, Bertherat E, Jancloes M, Skouloudis AN, Durski K, Hartskeerl RA. Rapid tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis: current tools and emerging technologies. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2014 Jan 1;78(1):1-8.
Reference Formats for Different Types of Sources
I. Journal Articles
General guidance for journal articles
Journal article references must be listed in the order in which they are cited in the manuscript. JMNPR requires authors to provide the key bibliographic elements of the source, including the year of publication, volume, issue, and page range or e-location/article number, as applicable, to ensure consistency and facilitate source verification.
For regular journal articles, the issue number should be included in every reference, even when the source journal uses continuous pagination throughout the volume.
For articles published in supplements or online formats, follow the specific guidance provided in the sections below.
Journal article references must be listed in the order in which they are cited in the manuscript. JMNPR requires authors to provide the key bibliographic elements of the source, including the year of publication, volume, issue, and page range or e-location/article number, as applicable, to ensure consistency and facilitate source verification.
For regular journal articles, the issue number should be included in every reference, even when the source journal uses continuous pagination throughout the volume.
For articles published in supplements or online formats, follow the specific guidance provided in the sections below.
Note on Journal Title Changes
If a journal has changed its title, use the journal title that was in use when the cited article was published. Verify the title from the published article itself (e.g., the PDF) and/or the bibliographic information for that specific issue. Do not retrospectively replace the original journal title with the journal’s current title, even if the current website displays the new title in its citation format.
If a journal has changed its title, use the journal title that was in use when the cited article was published. Verify the title from the published article itself (e.g., the PDF) and/or the bibliographic information for that specific issue. Do not retrospectively replace the original journal title with the journal’s current title, even if the current website displays the new title in its citation format.
1.1 Regular Journal Articles
Description
For regular journal articles, JMNPR requires both the volume and issue number to be included in every reference to ensure a consistent reference format, even when the source journal uses continuous pagination throughout the volume.
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range.
Example
Niwathayakul K, Homvijitkul J, Khow O, Sitprija V. Leptospirosis in northeastern Thailand: hypotension and complications. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33(1):155-60.
Note
According to NLM guidance, not including the issue number for journals with continuous pagination throughout a volume is optional. However, to maintain consistency in reference formatting, JMNPR requires the issue number to be included in all regular journal article references.
For regular journal articles, JMNPR requires both the volume and issue number to be included in every reference to ensure a consistent reference format, even when the source journal uses continuous pagination throughout the volume.
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range.
Example
Niwathayakul K, Homvijitkul J, Khow O, Sitprija V. Leptospirosis in northeastern Thailand: hypotension and complications. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2002;33(1):155-60.
Note
According to NLM guidance, not including the issue number for journals with continuous pagination throughout a volume is optional. However, to maintain consistency in reference formatting, JMNPR requires the issue number to be included in all regular journal article references.
1.2 Journal Supplements
Description
Some journals publish supplementary issues, such as a supplement to a volume or to a specific issue. Supplementary page numbers often begin with the letter S, for example, S1–S20.
Format 1: Volume Supplement
Year;volume Suppl X:Spage–Spage.
Example
Chittinandana A, Chailimpamontree W, Chaloeiphap P. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Thai adult population. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006 Aug;89 Suppl 2:S112-20.
Format 2: Issue Supplement
Year;volume(issue Suppl X):Spage–Spage.
Example
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002 Jun 25;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.
Some journals publish supplementary issues, such as a supplement to a volume or to a specific issue. Supplementary page numbers often begin with the letter S, for example, S1–S20.
Format 1: Volume Supplement
Year;volume Suppl X:Spage–Spage.
Example
Chittinandana A, Chailimpamontree W, Chaloeiphap P. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Thai adult population. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006 Aug;89 Suppl 2:S112-20.
Format 2: Issue Supplement
Year;volume(issue Suppl X):Spage–Spage.
Example
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology. 2002 Jun 25;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.
1.3 Online Journal Articles (E-Journal / Online Journal)
Description
An article published online that has clearly identifiable bibliographic information, such as publication year, volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number, should be treated as a journal article and formatted in the same manner as a conventional journal article. The format depends on whether the article has a DOI, as follows.
An article published online that has clearly identifiable bibliographic information, such as publication year, volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number, should be treated as a journal article and formatted in the same manner as a conventional journal article. The format depends on whether the article has a DOI, as follows.
1.3.1 Online Journal Articles without a DOI but with an Accessible URL
Description
Use this format for online journal articles that have complete bibliographic information, such as publication year, volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number, but do not have a DOI. This includes, for example, articles published in online journals or journals hosted on the ThaiJO platform.
In this case, [Internet] and [cited YYYY Mon DD] are not required. Instead, provide the URL at the end of the reference after the words Available from:
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range. Available from: URL
For an article using an e-location/article number:
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):e-location/article number. Available from: URL
Example
วยุคุณธร์ วิวิธนาภรณ์. ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการเริ่มยารักษาวัณโรคปอดในผู้ป่วยวัณโรคปอดโรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง. วารสารวิจัยทางการแพทย์ พยาบาลและสาธารณสุข. 2569;1(1):e7291. Available from: https://he05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmnpr/article/view/7291
Note
1) Use the article landing page URL or another stable URL that provides direct access to and verification of the article.
2) Do not place a full stop (period) after the URL.
Use this format for online journal articles that have complete bibliographic information, such as publication year, volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number, but do not have a DOI. This includes, for example, articles published in online journals or journals hosted on the ThaiJO platform.
In this case, [Internet] and [cited YYYY Mon DD] are not required. Instead, provide the URL at the end of the reference after the words Available from:
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range. Available from: URL
For an article using an e-location/article number:
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):e-location/article number. Available from: URL
Example
วยุคุณธร์ วิวิธนาภรณ์. ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการเริ่มยารักษาวัณโรคปอดในผู้ป่วยวัณโรคปอดโรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง. วารสารวิจัยทางการแพทย์ พยาบาลและสาธารณสุข. 2569;1(1):e7291. Available from: https://he05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmnpr/article/view/7291
Note
1) Use the article landing page URL or another stable URL that provides direct access to and verification of the article.
2) Do not place a full stop (period) after the URL.
1.3.2 Journal Articles with a DOI
Description
If an article has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), include the DOI at the end of the reference. A URL does not need to be included in addition to the DOI, even when the article is published online.
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range. doi: DOI
For an article using an e-location/article number:
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):e-location/article number. doi: DOI
Examples
1. Siegel CH, Sammaritano LR. Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review. JAMA. 2024;331(17):1480-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.2315
2. Chung JB, Brudno JN, Borie D, Kochenderfer JN. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24(11):830-45. doi: 10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3
Note
1) If an article has a DOI, include the DOI only; do not add a URL.
2) Write the DOI in the format: doi: 10.xxxx/xxxxx
3) Do not place a full stop (period) after the DOI.
If an article has a DOI (Digital Object Identifier), include the DOI at the end of the reference. A URL does not need to be included in addition to the DOI, even when the article is published online.
Format
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):page range. doi: DOI
For an article using an e-location/article number:
Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Year;volume(issue):e-location/article number. doi: DOI
Examples
1. Siegel CH, Sammaritano LR. Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review. JAMA. 2024;331(17):1480-91. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.2315
2. Chung JB, Brudno JN, Borie D, Kochenderfer JN. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for autoimmune disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24(11):830-45. doi: 10.1038/s41577-024-01035-3
Note
1) If an article has a DOI, include the DOI only; do not add a URL.
2) Write the DOI in the format: doi: 10.xxxx/xxxxx
3) Do not place a full stop (period) after the DOI.
Summary for Journal Articles
1) Article with a DOI → include doi: DOI; do not include a URL.
2) Article without a DOI but with an accessible URL → include Available from: URL.
3) A journal article with clearly identifiable bibliographic information such as volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number → do not include [Internet] or [cited YYYY Mon DD].
4) Do not place a full stop (period) after a DOI or URL.
1) Article with a DOI → include doi: DOI; do not include a URL.
2) Article without a DOI but with an accessible URL → include Available from: URL.
3) A journal article with clearly identifiable bibliographic information such as volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number → do not include [Internet] or [cited YYYY Mon DD].
4) Do not place a full stop (period) after a DOI or URL.
1.4 Websites and Internet Documents
Description
Use this format for information or documents published on a website or the Internet that are not journal articles with clearly identifiable bibliographic information such as volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number. Examples include organizational websites, webpages, online reports, online manuals, organizational publications, and information available through web-based databases.
For these sources, identify the resource as an Internet source using [Internet], provide the date of access in the form [cited YYYY Mon DD], and give the full URL after Available from:
Format
Author/Organization. Title [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Available from: URL
Example
พันธ์ชัย รัตนสุวรรณ. ตำราระบาดวิทยาสำหรับนักศึกษาแพทย์และนักศึกษาวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ [Internet]. มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์: สำนักวิชาแพทยศาสตร์; 2561 [cited 2026 Jun 5]. Available from: https://smd.wu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ตำราระบาดวิทยา.pdf4
Note
1) The cited date should reflect the date on which the author accessed or used the information from the website.
2) Use a URL that links directly to the cited document or webpage. Avoid using only the website homepage when a specific URL for the cited document is available.
3) Do not place a full stop (period) after the URL.
Use this format for information or documents published on a website or the Internet that are not journal articles with clearly identifiable bibliographic information such as volume, issue, and page numbers or an e-location/article number. Examples include organizational websites, webpages, online reports, online manuals, organizational publications, and information available through web-based databases.
For these sources, identify the resource as an Internet source using [Internet], provide the date of access in the form [cited YYYY Mon DD], and give the full URL after Available from:
Format
Author/Organization. Title [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year [cited YYYY Mon DD]. Available from: URL
Example
พันธ์ชัย รัตนสุวรรณ. ตำราระบาดวิทยาสำหรับนักศึกษาแพทย์และนักศึกษาวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ [Internet]. มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์: สำนักวิชาแพทยศาสตร์; 2561 [cited 2026 Jun 5]. Available from: https://smd.wu.ac.th/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ตำราระบาดวิทยา.pdf4
Note
1) The cited date should reflect the date on which the author accessed or used the information from the website.
2) Use a URL that links directly to the cited document or webpage. Avoid using only the website homepage when a specific URL for the cited document is available.
3) Do not place a full stop (period) after the URL.
II. Books
2.1 Entire Book
Description
Include the author(s), book title, edition, place of publication, publisher, and year of publication.
Format
Author(s). Book title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Example
Wilkinson IB, Raine T, Wiles K, Goodhart A, Hall C, O’Neill H. Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. 10th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017.
Include the author(s), book title, edition, place of publication, publisher, and year of publication.
Format
Author(s). Book title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Example
Wilkinson IB, Raine T, Wiles K, Goodhart A, Hall C, O’Neill H. Oxford handbook of clinical medicine. 10th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2017.
2.2 Chapter in a Book
Description
When citing a specific chapter, begin with the chapter author(s) and chapter title, followed by “In:” and the editor(s) of the book.
Format
Chapter author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), editors. Book title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page range.
Example
Spicker P. Austerity and poverty. In: Bent G, editor. Handbook on austerity, populism and the welfare state. Cheltenham (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing; 2021. p. 142-153.
When citing a specific chapter, begin with the chapter author(s) and chapter title, followed by “In:” and the editor(s) of the book.
Format
Chapter author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), editors. Book title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page range.
Example
Spicker P. Austerity and poverty. In: Bent G, editor. Handbook on austerity, populism and the welfare state. Cheltenham (UK): Edward Elgar Publishing; 2021. p. 142-153.
Note on Book Edition
For a first edition, if the book does not explicitly state an edition, do not add “1st ed.” to the reference. Include the edition only when it is stated in the source, particularly for the second edition or later.
For a first edition, if the book does not explicitly state an edition, do not add “1st ed.” to the reference. Include the edition only when it is stated in the source, particularly for the second edition or later.
III. Theses and Dissertations
Description
A thesis or dissertation is an academic work prepared as part of the requirements for completion of a higher education program. Such works include:
1. Undergraduate senior projects
2. Master's theses
3. Doctoral dissertations
These documents are commonly stored in university databases, institutional repositories, or digital libraries and may provide important original research that can be cited for theoretical concepts, research methods, or study findings.
Essential Elements of a Thesis or Dissertation Reference
A Vancouver-style reference for a thesis or dissertation should include sufficient information to allow readers to identify and retrieve the source accurately, including the following elements:
1. Author
Provide the full name of the author. For Thai-language theses or dissertations, retain the author's name in Thai.
2. Title
Provide the complete title exactly as it appears in the original document and retain the language of the source.
3. Type of Academic Work
Indicate the type of work in square brackets, for example:
1) [วิทยานิพนธ์] for a master's thesis
2) [ดุษฎีนิพนธ์] for a doctoral dissertation
3) [โครงงาน] for an undergraduate project
4. Place of Publication
State the city or province in which the academic institution is located.
5. Academic Institution
State the name of the university or institution that awarded or approved the degree.
6. Year of Completion
For Thai-language documents, use the Buddhist Era year where appropriate.
Examples
1. พรทิพย์ รัตนบุรี. ผลของโปรแกรมการโค้ชแบบโกรว์ของผู้บริหารทางการพยาบาลระดับต้นต่อสมรรถนะการปฏิบัติราชการของพยาบาลวิชาชีพจบใหม่ โรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง [วิทยานิพนธ์]. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช; 2564.
2. ปริศนา มณีฉาย. ผลของรูปแบบการนิเทศทางการพยาบาลเพื่อป้องกันแผลกดทับ โรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง [ดุษฎีนิพนธ์]. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช; 2564.
A thesis or dissertation is an academic work prepared as part of the requirements for completion of a higher education program. Such works include:
1. Undergraduate senior projects
2. Master's theses
3. Doctoral dissertations
These documents are commonly stored in university databases, institutional repositories, or digital libraries and may provide important original research that can be cited for theoretical concepts, research methods, or study findings.
Essential Elements of a Thesis or Dissertation Reference
A Vancouver-style reference for a thesis or dissertation should include sufficient information to allow readers to identify and retrieve the source accurately, including the following elements:
1. Author
Provide the full name of the author. For Thai-language theses or dissertations, retain the author's name in Thai.
2. Title
Provide the complete title exactly as it appears in the original document and retain the language of the source.
3. Type of Academic Work
Indicate the type of work in square brackets, for example:
1) [วิทยานิพนธ์] for a master's thesis
2) [ดุษฎีนิพนธ์] for a doctoral dissertation
3) [โครงงาน] for an undergraduate project
4. Place of Publication
State the city or province in which the academic institution is located.
5. Academic Institution
State the name of the university or institution that awarded or approved the degree.
6. Year of Completion
For Thai-language documents, use the Buddhist Era year where appropriate.
Examples
1. พรทิพย์ รัตนบุรี. ผลของโปรแกรมการโค้ชแบบโกรว์ของผู้บริหารทางการพยาบาลระดับต้นต่อสมรรถนะการปฏิบัติราชการของพยาบาลวิชาชีพจบใหม่ โรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง [วิทยานิพนธ์]. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช; 2564.
2. ปริศนา มณีฉาย. ผลของรูปแบบการนิเทศทางการพยาบาลเพื่อป้องกันแผลกดทับ โรงพยาบาลทุ่งสง [ดุษฎีนิพนธ์]. กรุงเทพมหานคร: มหาวิทยาลัยสุโขทัยธรรมาธิราช; 2564.
Further information: For more detailed guidance on Vancouver-style references, please refer to the NLM Sample References webpage.
